An analysis of a group teaching procedure for persons with developmental disabilities.
Group demo plus stimulus fading lifts correct responding and cuts problem behavior for many students with ID.
01Research in Context
What this study did
The authors tested a group teaching method called the Task Demonstration Model. Students with intellectual disability watched the teacher demonstrate a task. Then they all practiced together while the teacher slowly removed help.
The study took place in a special-education classroom. Researchers tracked correct answers, time on task, teacher prompts, and problem behavior.
What they found
More than half the students gave more correct answers and stayed on task longer. Teacher prompts dropped and problem behavior also fell. The gains held without giving extra treats or breaks.
How this fits with other research
Hawkes et al. (1974) did the first classroom fading study. They moved autistic children from one-to-one teaching to group teaching by slowly adding classmates. Repp et al. (1992) skipped the one-to-one step and taught the whole group at once. Both teams saw gains, showing two workable paths.
Rasing et al. (1992) worked in the same year with the same population. They used written step lists plus feedback instead of live demos. Both studies got students with ID to master tasks and then work without help, proving the prompting logic works in different formats.
Feldman et al. (1999) built on the idea by letting students press their own audio cues. Teacher prompts dropped in C et al.; student self-prompts dropped problem behavior in A et al. Together they show control can move from teacher to student.
Why it matters
You can run a quick demo for the whole class and fade help within the lesson. No need to prep individual materials or run one-to-one trials first. Try it for daily living skills or simple academics. Track correct responses and problem behavior for each learner; if half the class improves like in this study, you have an easy, low-prep win.
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02At a glance
03Original abstract
This study evaluated whether a concurrent group teaching procedure, in which all students respond simultaneously, could be used for persons with moderate or severe mental retardation. The teaching procedure used was the Task Demonstration Model, a program based on stimulus-control research and the fading techniques of behavioral psychology. Three teachers and three groups of students participated. Results showed that the teachers increased their rates of questions and instructions, positive feedback, and use of functional materials, but they reduced their rate of prompts to almost zero. Students increased their percentage and rate of correct responding as well as their engaged time. In addition, maladaptive responding, for which there were never any direct consequences, decreased from 45% to 10% for 8 of the 14 students. Results are discussed primarily in two areas: (a) changing stimulus control from teacher prompts to critical elements of the items being taught, and (b) reasons for the reduction of maladaptive behavior for 8 of the subjects.
Journal of applied behavior analysis, 1992 · doi:10.1901/jaba.1992.25-701