Assessment & Research

Sensory processing in young children with visual impairments: Use and extension of the Sensory Profile.

Houwen et al. (2022) · Research in developmental disabilities 2022
★ The Verdict

A short 15-item add-on makes the Sensory Profile work for kids with visual impairments and reveals their extra sensory challenges.

✓ Read this if BCBAs who assess or treat preschool and early-elementary children with visual impairments.
✗ Skip if Clinicians working only with fully sighted or adult clients.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

The team added 15 new questions to the Sensory Profile. The questions target sensory issues common in kids with visual impairments.

Parents of young children with visual impairments filled out the new form. Researchers checked if the add-on gave steady results and truly caught sensory problems.

02

What they found

The 15-item add-on scored high on reliability and validity. Kids with visual impairments earned scores that clearly sat above the usual range, flagging more sensory trouble.

03

How this fits with other research

Reynolds et al. (2008) once asked if sensory over-responsivity is even a real stand-alone diagnosis. They only had three case stories and said the evidence was thin. Houwen et al. (2022) now show that, when you ask the right questions, sensory issues in visually-impaired children are measurable and reliable. The new tool does not contradict the old doubt; it simply gives clearer data.

Constable et al. (2024) built a short parent form called ViBe for kids with autism. Both teams prove that brief parent checklists can spotlight vision-linked behaviors that clinicians miss. One tool serves autism, the other visual impairment, but the logic is the same: parents notice more when questions fit the child’s daily life.

Eggleston et al. (2018) used the regular Sensory Profile to sort preschoolers with autism into four sensory subtypes. Suzanne et al. extend that idea by adding items for children whose main diagnosis is visual impairment, showing the measure can grow to fit new groups.

04

Why it matters

You now have a quick, valid way to measure sensory processing in young clients who are blind or have low vision. Slip the 15 questions into your intake packet. The scores will tell you if the child needs sensory supports before you plan visual or adaptive goals.

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Print the 15 VI-specific items, add them to your Sensory Profile forms, and score them with the rest to see if sensory needs pop up.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
other
Sample size
90
Population
other
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

BACKGROUND: Children with visual impairments (VI) are at risk for sensory processing difficulties. A widely used measure for sensory processing is the Sensory Profile (SP). However, the SP requires adaptation to accommodate for how children with VI experience sensory information. AIMS: (1) To examine sensory processing patterns in young children with VI, (2) to develop VI-specific items to use in conjunction with the SP and to determine internal consistency and construct validity of these newly developed items, and (3) to examine the association between sensory processing and and emotional and behavioral problems. METHODS: Twenty-six VI-specific items were added to the SP. The SP and these items were completed by caregivers of 90 children with VI between 3 and 8 years old. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was used to assess emotional and behavioral problems. RESULTS: Three- to five-year-old children with VI have significantly more difficulties in three quadrants of the SP as compared to the norm group. Six- to eight-year-old children with VI have more difficulties in all quadrants. A reliable and valid VI-specific set of 15 items was established following psychometric evaluation. Age-related differences were found in the associations between the SP and CBCL. CONCLUSION: Although further validation is recommended, this evaluation of the VI-specific item set suggests it has the potential to be a useful measure for children with VI.

Research in developmental disabilities, 2022 · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104251