Assessment & Research

Development and initial validation of the Performance Skills Questionnaire (PSQ).

Bart et al. (2010) · Research in developmental disabilities 2010
★ The Verdict

The PSQ is a psychometrically solid parent report that lets BCBAs quickly chart preschoolers’ daily performance skills.

✓ Read this if BCBAs who assess or write IFSPs for 3- to 5-year-olds with mild or moderate developmental delay.
✗ Skip if Clinicians working only with school-age youth or severe-profound populations.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Orit and colleagues built a new parent form called the Performance Skills Questionnaire (PSQ).

Parents of preschoolers with mild or moderate developmental delay filled it out twice.

The team checked if answers stayed the same over time and if the scores matched other measures.

02

What they found

The PSQ showed strong, consistent answers across both rounds.

Scores lined up with other tests of daily-living skills and differed from unrelated tests.

The authors say the tool is ready for clinical use.

03

How this fits with other research

Rosenberg et al. (2010) did almost the same work in the same year. They made the Environmental Restriction Questionnaire for the same age group and also found good reliability and validity. Together the two papers give BCBAs a matched pair: one form captures what the child can do (PSQ), the other captures what the world lets them do (ERQ).

McQuaid et al. (2024) later showed that parent ratings on the Social Responsiveness Scale stay stable from preschool to school age. That backs the idea that parent reports like the PSQ can be trusted over time.

Barrett et al. (2015) validated the DCDQ-Italian for older children. Their motor-coordination checklist and the PSQ both had strong test-retest numbers, showing parent forms work across different skill areas and cultures.

04

Why it matters

You now have a free, brief parent form that reliably maps a preschooler’s everyday skills. Pair it with the ERQ to see if low scores come from child limits or environmental blocks. Use the results to pick goals that fit real-life settings and to show parents clear before-and-after numbers.

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Hand the PSQ to the parent during intake, score it, and circle the lowest items to create your first treatment targets.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
other
Sample size
471
Population
developmental delay, neurotypical
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

The objectives of this study was to develop and test the psychometric properties of the Performance Skills Questionnaire (PSQ), addressed to measure performance skills of preschoolers, as reported by their parents. Participants included 231 children ranging in age from 4 to 6 years old, with mild to moderate developmental disabilities and 240 children without disabilities at same age range. Internal consistency, test-retest, construct validity, and divergent and convergent validity were assessed. The PSQ has shown good internal reliability, and temporal stability. Construct validity was supported by factor analysis which yielded 3 factors that explained almost 52% of the total variance. Significant differences were found between known groups. Convergent and divergent validity were supported by significant correlations with Visual-Motor Integration (VMI) test, and the Children Participation Questionnaire (CPQ). The PSQ is a unique tool that measures performance skills based on preschool children's everyday function. Results provide evidence in support of the PSQ as a reliable and psychometrically sound instrument.

Research in developmental disabilities, 2010 · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2009.07.021