Assessment & Research

Development and evaluation of the Active Treatment Client Rights Checklist.

Gross et al. (1994) · Research in developmental disabilities 1994
★ The Verdict

A simple staff checklist can both track and trigger more active treatment for adults with intellectual disability.

✓ Read this if BCBAs running residential or day-program services for adults with IDD.
✗ Skip if Clinicians who only see clients for one-hour outpatient visits.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

The team built a one-page form called the Active Treatment Client Rights Checklist (ATCR).

Staff in group homes used it to record how often adults with intellectual disability got real teaching, choices, and respect.

Over two years the researchers checked if scores stayed steady and if care improved.

02

What they found

The checklist scores were reliable month after month.

More important, staff gave more active treatment as the years went on.

03

How this fits with other research

Beaulieu et al. (2024) and Bailey et al. (2010) extend the idea into schools. They paired short checklists with weekly goals or self-monitoring. Paraprofessionals kept token-economy steps above 90% and added trauma-informed parts to behavior plans.

Eisenmajer et al. (1998), Hagopian et al. (2005), and Chou et al. (2010) did the same kind of psychometric work. Each built a new checklist for people with ID, showed it was reliable, and offered it free to services. None tested if care got better; they stopped at "the tool works."

So the 1994 paper is still the only one that proves a checklist can both measure and lift staff practice over time.

04

Why it matters

You already write behavior plans. Add a five-item ATCR-style checklist at the end: Did I give choices? Did I teach a new step? Two-minute daily tick marks keep you honest and show supervisors real data. No extra staff, no big cost, just better care.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Tape a 5-item ATCR card to the wall, tick it after each shift, and review totals at weekly staff huddle.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
other
Population
intellectual disability
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

The role of active treatment has been recognized as vital to the habilitation of persons with mental retardation; however, evaluating the provision of active treatment has been difficult. This study describes the development of the Active Treatment Client Rights checklist (ATCR), which was designed to facilitate the assessment, monitoring, and implementation of readily observable client active treatment services. This investigation provides an explanation of item content, initial reliability data (Phase I), and the results of implementation of the ATCR over a 2-year period in an ICF/MR facility with 29 living units serving nearly 500 clients (Phase II). The ATCR is highly reliable, valid, and useful in enhancing staff provision of active treatment. The most sensitive indicator of active treatment was shown to be related to frequency of functional interactions between clients and staff.

Research in developmental disabilities, 1994 · doi:10.1016/0891-4222(94)90035-3