Service Delivery

Bittersweet farms.

Kay (1990) · Journal of autism and developmental disorders 1990
★ The Verdict

Bittersweet Farms offers a peaceful rural group-home idea, but you need later ABA/OBM studies to show it actually improves behavior.

✓ Read this if BCBAs planning or consulting on residential services for autistic adults.
✗ Skip if Clinicians looking only for quick behavior-reduction protocols in family homes.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Dunn (1990) wrote a story about Bittersweet Farms. It is a working farm where autistic adults live and work together.

The paper tells how the rooms, barns, and daily jobs are set up. No numbers or tests are given.

02

What they found

The paper only describes the place. It does not say if behavior, mood, or skills got better.

You get a picture of rural group living, but no proof it works.

03

How this fits with other research

Thillainathan et al. (2024) later ran a similar adult home but tracked data. They showed large drops in severe problem behavior when a full ABA program was used.

Werner et al. (2025) added an OBM package in group homes. Mechanical restraint fell 80 percent while staff used twice as many behavior plans.

King et al. (1990) described Benhaven, a children's group home in the same year. Both papers are case studies with no outcome numbers, so they match in style but differ in age group.

04

Why it matters

Bittersweet Farms gives you a blueprint for calm, rural, adult communal living. Pair that idea with the later data from Thillainathan et al. and Natalie et al. to build a farm-style home that also cuts problem behavior and restraint. When you design or consult on adult residential services, use the peaceful setting plus modern ABA and OBM tools to get both quality of life and measurable gains.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Map the daily schedule and job roles at your adult residence, then add the OBM tools from Natalie et al. (2025) to cut restraint use this month.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
case study
Population
autism spectrum disorder
Finding
not reported

03Original abstract

Bittersweet Farms, a rural Ohio farm community for autistic adults, is presented. The land and facility are described, and the importance of certain elements of location, physical plant, and layout to the program model are discussed. The Bittersweet Farms program model is presented in detail as it applies to each aspect of rural, group living, and the contribution of each of its main features to the success of the Bittersweet Farms community is discussed.

Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 1990 · doi:10.1007/BF02206544