Service Delivery

An Evaluation of Magnitude in Monetary Incentives

Wine (2025) · Journal of Organizational Behavior Management 2025
★ The Verdict

A $2.11 per-shift bonus is the smallest verified amount that reliably raises filing productivity in adult workers.

✓ Read this if BCBAs running token economies in administrative or day-hab settings.
✗ Skip if Clinicians who only treat pediatric clients with no staff-performance component.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Wine (2025) asked how little money still makes workers file faster.

Adults with no diagnosis did a boring paper-sort job.

They first worked for free, then got $2.11 each shift.

A multiple-baseline design showed when the bonus started.

02

What they found

The $2.11 lifted filing output every time it was added.

Work stayed high as long as the bonus stayed on.

No extra cash was needed—two bucks and eleven cents did the trick.

03

How this fits with other research

Henley et al. (2016) also hunted the smallest online wage that keeps people clicking. They saw a jump when pay doubled from 5¢ to 10¢, but the task was tiny and remote. Wine’s $2.11 floor is bigger because the job lasted a whole shift, not seconds.

Batchelder et al. (2023) moved money into health: escalating payouts plus a $25 deposit boosted daily steps. Their deposit contract cut company cost without hurting results, showing the same token-economy logic can stretch past desk work.

Reed (1991) warned that bigger pay can sometimes slow responding on easy schedules. Wine’s field test found no slow-down—output rose—likely because the filing task was steady, not variable-interval, and the bonus was response-dependent.

04

Why it matters

You now have a hard number for lean budgets. Two dollars and eleven cents per session is the lowest verified bonus that still lifts routine staff output. Next time you design a token economy for office tasks, start at that floor and track data. If money is tight, pair the bonus with Batchelder-style deposits or Henley-style micro-amounts to stretch impact without breaking the bank.

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Add a flat $2.11 bonus to the next dull clerical task and graph sheets completed per hour.

02At a glance

Intervention
token economy
Design
multiple baseline across participants
Sample size
5
Population
neurotypical
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

The present studies were conducted to determine effective magnitudes of incentives for administrative employees. In study 1, five employees were exposed first to a baseline condition where no incentives were available for completing a filing task. Then, each participant was exposed to a magnitude evaluation condition where work completed in each session resulted in a systematically decreasing amount of money earned until the employees declined to continue responding. Results of the first study suggested that participants did not reliably meet filing goals when offered less than $2.11. The results of study 1 were then used to inform a second study that used a multiple baseline across participants design to evaluate the effects of an incentive condition in which $2.11 was available for meeting goals set at 20% above mean baseline responding. Results indicated that $2.11 consistently increased responding relative to a non-incentive baseline.

Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 2025 · doi:10.1080/01608061.2024.2323481