Increasing the immunization of preschool children; an evaluation of applied community interventions.
A five-dollar coupon plus a note with the child’s name doubles preschool immunization visits.
01Research in Context
What this study did
Researchers mailed two kinds of reminders to parents of preschoolers who needed shots. One group got a generic card. Another got a short note that named the child and listed the exact shots due.
Some parents also received a small cash coupon worth five or ten dollars. Staff then counted how many families showed up at the city immunization clinic.
What they found
The personal note plus the cash coupon doubled clinic visits. The note alone also helped and cost almost nothing.
How this fits with other research
Wine (2025) later found that just two dollars per shift pushed adult office workers to file faster. The dollar amount was smaller, but the pattern is the same: tiny payments move people.
Batchelder et al. (2023) added a twist. They raised the bonus each week adults hit their step goal, then dropped it back to zero after a miss. Escalating pay still worked, showing the 1984 flat five-dollar rate was not the only way to go.
Blackman et al. (2022) moved the prompt-plus-cash package indoors. They paid agency trainers five dollars and gave personal feedback whenever staff ran a training session right. Trainer fidelity rose, proving the old parent trick works on employees too.
Why it matters
You already write behavior plans and track data. Add a quick personal prompt and a small incentive when you need a family, staff member, or client to act. The combo is cheap, fast, and has forty years of replication behind it. Try it next time attendance or follow-through stalls.
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02At a glance
03Original abstract
We evaluated the relative impact of four procedures designed to encourage parents to obtain immunizations for their children. In a public health setting, the families of 1,133 immunization-deficient preschool children were randomly assigned to six conditions: (a) a general prompt; (b) a more client-specific prompt; (c) a specific prompt and increased public health clinic access; (d) a specific prompt and monetary incentives; (e) contact control; and (f) no contact control. All interventions, except the general prompt, produced some evidence of improvement when compared with the control groups. The monetary incentive group revealed the largest effect, followed by the increased access group, specific prompt group, and general prompt group, respectively. The data suggest that relatively powerful and immediate effects on preschoolers' clinic attendance for immunization may be produced by monetary incentives in conjunction with client-specific prompts. However, client-specific prompts alone appear to be the most cost-effective of the interventions.
Journal of applied behavior analysis, 1984 · doi:10.1901/jaba.1984.17-313