School & Classroom

Using simultaneous prompting to teach sounds and blending skills to students with moderate intellectual disabilities.

Waugh et al. (2009) · Research in developmental disabilities 2009
★ The Verdict

Simultaneous prompting teaches phonics and blending to kids with moderate ID and the skill spreads to new words.

✓ Read this if BCBAs in elementary special-ed classrooms teaching reading to students with intellectual disability.
✗ Skip if Clinicians focused only on functional life skills with adult clients.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Lancioni et al. (2009) worked with three elementary students who have moderate intellectual disability.

The team used simultaneous prompting to teach letter sounds and blending.

Each session gave one prompt right away, then checked for the correct response.

02

What they found

All three children learned every letter sound and could blend new words.

The kids also read untaught words in new lists, showing the skill carried over.

03

How this fits with other research

Jones et al. (2010) took the same prompt style and moved from single sounds to full phrases.

Their students with moderate ID later read sentences in real books and community signs.

Klaus et al. (2019) saw mixed results with autistic learners: two kids did fine, one needed a different task.

The mixed finding is not a clash—E’s group had ID only, while Klaus served ASD, showing the prompt works for most but not all.

04

Why it matters

You can start phonics with simultaneous prompting as early as first grade for students with moderate ID.

Plan for quick generalization: once sounds are firm, jump to untaught words and short books.

If a child stalls, borrow Klaus’s fix—switch to receptive matching first, then return to reading.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Run a 5-trial simultaneous-prompt block for two new letter sounds and test blending with three untaught CVC words in the same session.

02At a glance

Intervention
prompting and fading
Design
single case other
Sample size
3
Population
intellectual disability
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of simultaneous prompting on acquisition of letter-sound correspondences and blending skills of previously taught words for three elementary students with moderate intellectual disabilities, and to measure generalization of those skills to untaught words. The three students were first taught to read five nouns using sight-word instruction. After acquisition of the five words the students were taught letter-sound correspondences and to blend the sounds in order to apply word-analysis skills. All the students demonstrated application of letter-sound correspondences and blending skills to read the five sight words and the untaught, generalization words. This study took place across two partial academic school years and therefore provides regression and recoupment data for the students.

Research in developmental disabilities, 2009 · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2009.07.004