School & Classroom

Scripted sequences of teacher interaction. A versatile, low-impact procedure for increasing appropriate behavior in a nursery school.

Martens et al. (1997) · Behavior modification 1997
★ The Verdict

A pocket-sized teacher script quietly lifts appropriate play in preschool free-choice time.

✓ Read this if BCBAs coaching nursery or pre-K teachers who want a low-prep classroom calm tool.
✗ Skip if Those serving only older students or home-based RBTs without teacher contact.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Five nursery-school children and their teacher joined a simple A-B-A-B experiment.

During baseline the teacher managed playtime as usual.

During intervention the teacher followed a short written script of calm managerial statements delivered at set moments.

The script stayed in the teacher’s pocket—kids never saw it.

02

What they found

Appropriate play rose every time the script was used and dropped when it was removed.

The teacher kept using the script after the study ended, and the gains held.

03

How this fits with other research

Charlop et al. (1992) tried the same idea five years earlier. They taught sociodramatic scripts directly to preschoolers with and without disabilities. K et al. moved the script to the teacher and kept it invisible, showing the trick works without child training.

Kocher et al. (2015), Johnson et al. (2009), and Beaumont et al. (2008) later gave children with autism script cards or audio lines. These studies extend the teacher-script logic into clinical populations and add visual or auditory cues.

Brown et al. (1988) used teacher praise and group points instead of scripts. Both packages raised peer play, but scripts give teachers exact words to stay calm and consistent.

04

Why it matters

You can lift appropriate play tomorrow by writing a 5-line script of neutral reminders—“Blocks stay on the rug,” “Share when you’re done.” No extra materials, no child training, no data sheets. Keep the card in your pocket, glance once a minute, and watch the room settle.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Write three calm managerial lines, set a silent phone timer for 30-second glances, and deliver each line once during center time.

02At a glance

Intervention
other
Design
reversal abab
Sample size
5
Population
not specified
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

Sequences of managerial statements delivered by a teacher during supervised playtime were identified, and a scripting procedure was used to modify these sequences while retaining the overall structure of teacher-student interactions. Five preschool-age children participated in the study. Following an initial assessment phase, the alternative sequence of scripted interactions was implemented first by an experimenter using an ABAB reversal design and then by the classroom teacher. The scripted interaction sequence was effective in increasing levels of appropriate play behavior in all five children, and these levels were maintained when control of the procedure was transferred to the teacher. Moreover, the teacher quickly learned to implement the procedure, did so with a high degree of integrity, and judged it to be moderately acceptable. The value of scripted interactions as an effective yet flexible management strategy that can be used in teacher training is discussed.

Behavior modification, 1997 · doi:10.1177/01454455970213003