Autism & Developmental

Outcomes of an acceptance and commitment therapy-based skills training group for students with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder: a quasi-experimental pilot study.

Pahnke et al. (2014) · Autism : the international journal of research and practice 2014
★ The Verdict

Six weekly ACT lessons can cut stress and boost sharing in high-functioning teens with ASD at school.

✓ Read this if BCBAs working with teens with ASD in middle or high schools.
✗ Skip if Clinicians serving only non-verbal or adult clients.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Researchers ran a 6-week ACT skills group for 14 high-functioning teens with ASD.

The kids met at their special school for one hour each week.

They learned to notice thoughts without fighting them and to act on their values.

02

What they found

Stress, hyperactivity and emotional meltdowns dropped after the group.

Parents and teachers both saw more sharing and helping two months later.

The gains held steady at follow-up, showing the skills stuck.

03

How this fits with other research

Fahmie et al. (2013) tested a longer 9-week mindfulness group with autistic adults and also cut anxiety and depression.

The new study shows the same idea works in teens at school, not just adults in clinics.

Lappalainen et al. (2007) found ACT beat CBT when trainee therapists ran groups.

Pahnke et al. (2014) now shows even school staff can run ACT groups and still see real gains.

Scott et al. (2023) watched autistic university students for a year and saw no change in mental-health scores without any help.

This lines up with the ACT group results—doing nothing keeps symptoms flat, while ACT moves them down.

04

Why it matters

You can add a not replace, a short ACT group to your school program. Six one-hour sessions fit inside a term and give teens tools to handle stress and get along better. No extra staff or fancy gear needed—just the manual and a quiet room.

Free CEUs

Want CEUs on This Topic?

The ABA Clubhouse has 60+ free CEUs — live every Wednesday. Ethics, supervision & clinical topics.

Join Free →
→ Action — try this Monday

Pick one teen with ASD who gets anxious at lunch and invite them to a lunch-bunch ACT skills group this week.

02At a glance

Intervention
other
Design
quasi experimental
Sample size
28
Population
autism spectrum disorder
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by social impairments and behavioural inflexibility. In this pilot study, the feasibility and outcomes of a 6-week acceptance and commitment therapy-based skills training group were evaluated in a special school setting using a quasi-experimental design (acceptance and commitment therapy/school classes as usual). A total of 28 high-functioning students with autism spectrum disorder (aged 13-21 years) were assessed using self- and teacher-ratings at pre- and post-assessment and 2-month follow-up. All participants completed the skills training, and treatment satisfaction was high. Levels of stress, hyperactivity and emotional distress were reduced in the treatment group. The acceptance and commitment therapy group also reported increased prosocial behaviour. These changes were stable or further improved at the 2-month follow-up. Larger studies are needed to further evaluate the benefits of acceptance and commitment therapy for autism spectrum disorder.

Autism : the international journal of research and practice, 2014 · doi:10.1177/1362361313501091