Autism & Developmental

Extended child and caregiver benefits of behavior-based child contingency learning games.

Dunst et al. (2010) · Intellectual and developmental disabilities 2010
★ The Verdict

Short contingency games lift both child responding and caregiver warmth, and the payoff travels beyond the game.

✓ Read this if BCBAs running early intervention or parent-training sessions in homes or clinics.
✗ Skip if School-wide clinicians seeking class management tools for neurotypical groups.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Van der Molen et al. (2010) built simple learning games for young children with developmental delays. Each game tied a clear action to an immediate fun result.

Caregivers joined the play. The team watched if better game play spilled over into daily routines.

02

What they found

Kids pressed switches or made sounds more once the game paid off. The big news: gains showed up later at meal time and bed time.

Parents also talked more, waited longer, and smiled more during regular care tasks.

03

How this fits with other research

Fu et al. (2020) later saw the same bonus in toddlers with ASD. When moms synced their moves during play, language and social scores jumped even higher. J et al. planted the seed; Fu showed it blooms in autism.

Perez et al. (2015) looked like a clash at first. Their Good Behavior Game cut disruption only while the game ran, with no carry-over. The gap makes sense: M et al. worked with neurotypical preschoolers in a busy classroom, while J et al. worked one-on-one with children who had delays. Kids with delays may need the tighter contingency to wire new habits.

LaBrot et al. (2022) add another brick. They taught parents to give clear instructions in a clinic group. Kids obeyed more at home for weeks. Together the papers say: teach the adult, fix the loop, and the child keeps the skill.

04

Why it matters

You can slip brief cause-and-effect games into any natural routine. A pop-up toy for pressing a button or a song that starts when your client looks at you can prime both child and caregiver for warmer, clearer interaction later. Try one three-minute game today and watch for nicer turn-taking at snack time.

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Start one three-minute switch-activated toy game, then track if the child requests more items during the next routine activity.

02At a glance

Intervention
natural environment teaching
Design
single case other
Sample size
41
Population
developmental delay
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

Findings from 2 studies of the relationship between response-contingent child behavior and child, caregiver-child, and caregiver behavior not directly associated with child contingency learning are described. The participants were 19 children with significant developmental delays and their mothers in 1 study and 22 children with significant developmental delays and their teachers in the second study. Caregivers engaged the children in learning games characterized by behavior-based contingencies for 15 weeks. Research staff observed the children and their caregivers in everyday routines and activities and rated child and caregiver behavior while the children and caregivers were not playing the games. Results from both studies showed that the degree of response-contingent responding during the games was related to child and caregiver behavior, not the focus of the contingency learning opportunities afforded the children. Implications for practice are described.

Intellectual and developmental disabilities, 2010 · doi:10.1352/1934-9556-48.4.259