ABA Fundamentals

Reduction of disruptive mealtime behavior by facial screening. A case study of a mentally retarded girl with long-term follow-up.

Horton (1987) · Behavior modification 1987
★ The Verdict

A five-second bib over the face erased spoon banging on day one and the silence held for nineteen months.

✓ Read this if BCBAs working with loud mealtime disruption in school or group-home settings.
✗ Skip if Clinicians whose clients already eat quietly and need acceptance or texture work instead.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

A teacher placed a small terry-cloth bib over an 11-year-old girl’s face for five seconds each time she banged her spoon on the table. The girl had an intellectual disability and the loud banging disrupted the whole classroom lunch.

The team ran an ABAB reversal. They measured spoon banging across baseline, facial screen, return to baseline, then facial screen again. Follow-up checks ran for 19 months.

02

What they found

Spoon banging stopped the first day the bib went on. It stayed near zero while the screen was in place and returned each time the screen was removed. After the final return to treatment, the behavior stayed gone for the rest of the school year and every monthly check the next year.

03

How this fits with other research

Hartz et al. (2020) used the same ABAB design to stop spitting in an autistic boy. They added reinforcement for keeping his mouth closed and a brief time-out. Both studies show quick, large drops in loud mealtime behavior when a mild consequence follows each response.

Firth et al. (2001) and Dougherty et al. (1996) took the opposite path. They increased food acceptance with physical guidance and non-removal of the spoon. Horton (1987) shows you can also work on the noise first; once banging is gone, you can move to acceptance programs without the table sounding like a drum.

Saini et al. (2024) give you a 10-minute screen to find the reason for food refusal before you pick any tactic. If escape from bites keeps the spoon quiet, facial screening may not be needed; if the child is simply excited by the sound, a quick cover still works.

04

Why it matters

You now have a zero-cost, zero-talk tool that stops loud utensil play in minutes. Keep a clean wash-cloth or small bib in your lunch kit. The moment the spoon hits the table, place it over the child’s face for a slow five-count, then lift and resume the meal. No chairs moved, no escape blocked, no extra staff. Try it once; if banging drops, keep the brief consequence and watch the peace last all year.

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Keep a small cloth ready; cover the child’s face for five seconds each time the utensil hits the table, then lift and continue the meal.

02At a glance

Intervention
other
Design
reversal abab
Sample size
1
Population
intellectual disability
Finding
positive
Magnitude
large

03Original abstract

This study examined the effectiveness of facial screening as a treatment to reduce repetitive spoon banging by an 8-year-old, severely mentally retarded girl during meal time. In baseline, each episode of spoon banging was terminated by the behavioral observer saying "no bang" while gently grasping the subject's wrist, and returning her hand to a scoop dish. Treatment consisted of saying "no bang" and pulling a terry-cloth bib over the subject's entire face for 5 seconds. Results of an A-B-A-B design showed high frequencies of spoon banging during nontreatment conditions, which rapidly decelerated when facial screening was in effect. Follow-up data at 6-, 10-, 15-, and 19-month intervals indicated long lasting treatment benefits. Facial screening research was extended to a new experimental setting: a public school classroom.

Behavior modification, 1987 · doi:10.1177/01454455870111004