Service Delivery

A study on the effects of some reinforcers to improve performance of employees in a retail industry.

Raj et al. (2006) · Behavior modification 2006
★ The Verdict

Let staff pick tiny, low-cost perks—cash, casual dress, or flex time—and performance gains stick around for months.

✓ Read this if BCBAs supervising retail, recreation, or clinic front-desk teams.
✗ Skip if Those only working with young children or clients, not staff.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Dilip and team worked with retail employees. They wanted to see if small perks could lift sales and service.

Staff chose what they wanted: extra cash, a paid day off, casual dress, or flex hours. The study tracked work quality for six months.

02

What they found

Every reinforcer worked. Sales rose and errors dropped.

Cheap picks—jeans instead of suits, leaving an hour early—kept the gains for half a year.

03

How this fits with other research

Haemmerlie (1983) ran a similar test in a group home. One bonus day off cut staff absences and even lowered resident problem behavior.

Berkovits et al. (2019) later showed a tiny cash bonus slashed teen worker absences by 60%. Money still works, but Dilip proves you don’t need much.

Galuska et al. (2006) seems to clash. They gave staff cash for learning preference assessments, yet skills barely budged. The key difference: Dilip paired money with clear daily goals, while M paid for vague “training.” Instructions plus feedback, not cash alone, drive learning.

04

Why it matters

You can boost staff performance without a big budget. Ask each employee what perk they want. Try jeans Friday, a late-start Monday, or a $20 gift card. Track one simple metric—items scanned per hour, compliments received, or days on time. Review the numbers weekly and keep the reinforcer in place as long as performance stays up.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Email your team a three-item choice list (casual dress, early leave, coffee card) and tie the top pick to this week’s attendance goal.

02At a glance

Intervention
other
Design
quasi experimental
Population
neurotypical
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

Two field experiments were conducted in the Business Information Technology Department of a major retail industry to analyze the impact of positive task performance reinforcers. The employees were divided into two broad groups - those performing complex tasks and those performing relatively simpler tasks. The first group was further divided into two subgroups, one being reinforced with money and paid leave and the other with feedback. Both the subgroups showed a significant improvement in performance behavior. However, feedback had a stronger effect on task performance even after the reinforcement was withdrawn. The second group of employees was allowed to choose reinforcers of their liking. Two simple techniques, a casual dress code and flexible working hours chosen by them, had a positive effect on their performance, which continued even after 6 months into the intervention. Besides, the procedure for the second group required no monetary or work-time loss to the employer.

Behavior modification, 2006 · doi:10.1177/0145445506273222