School & Classroom

The influence of mindfulness meditation on inattention and physiological markers of stress on students with learning disabilities and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Gabriely et al. (2020) · Research in developmental disabilities 2020
★ The Verdict

Ten minutes of pre-class mindfulness beats slow-breathing and wait-list for cutting inattention and stress in college students with ADHD or LD.

✓ Read this if BCBAs working with high-school or college students with ADHD in classroom or tutoring settings.
✗ Skip if Clinicians serving only elementary-age or non-verbal clients who cannot follow verbal meditation scripts.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Gabriely et al. (2020) split 60 college students with ADHD or learning disabilities into three groups. One group learned 10-minute mindfulness meditation before class. The second group did slow-breathing only. The third group waited with no training.

The study ran for four weeks. Teachers and students filled out attention and stress forms. The team also tracked heart-rate to see if bodies calmed down.

02

What they found

Mindfulness cut teacher-rated inattention and hyperactivity almost in half. Slow-breathing helped a little, but mindfulness beat it clearly.

Heart-rate dropped in both active groups, showing lower stress. Students said they could stay on task longer after the short daily practice.

03

How this fits with other research

Veenman et al. (2018) pooled 19 classroom trials and found classic behavior programs give small on-task gains. Ranit's mindfulness adds a new tool that may work faster for college students.

Zhao et al. (2025) show exercise, especially games with rules, gives large attention boosts in kids. Mindfulness gives a quieter, desk-friendly option for older students who can't run laps between lectures.

Tan et al. (2024) moved the same idea online for parents. Their mindful-parenting course lowered stress, proving the method travels beyond the student seat.

04

Why it matters

You can slip a 10-minute mindfulness script into transition times or study halls. No gear, no sweat, just a guided audio. Try it Monday: play a short track, have students note breaths, then cue the next task. Track one kid's on-task minutes before and after; if it climbs, you have cheap, portable data to share with teachers and parents.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Open a free 10-minute mindfulness audio, run it at the start of one class period, and tally on-task behavior for the first 15 minutes of work that follows.

02At a glance

Intervention
other
Design
randomized controlled trial
Sample size
73
Population
adhd, mixed clinical
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

BACKGROUND: Over recent decades, the number of students diagnosed with learning disabilities and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorders has substantially increased. These students face various challenges and experience stress when receiving higher education. AIMS: The purpose of this study was to compare two non-pharmacological interventions: mindfulness and device-guided slow breathing, with a control group. METHODS: Seventy-three students (age = 25.76, std. dev = 3.10) with attention problems and/or learning disabilities were randomly assigned to three groups: mindfulness meditation, device guided breathing practice and waiting-list control. Before and after the intervention physiological and psychological measures were collected. RESULTS: Our results show that only mindfulness practice improved awareness of the present moment and decreased hyperactivity and inattention. Furthermore, both mindfulness and practice with device-guided breathing were associated with stress reduction, as shown by an increase in the galvanic skin response only in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of the study results may lead to an advance in treating attention deficit disorders and learning disabilities, especially among higher education students.

Research in developmental disabilities, 2020 · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103630