School & Classroom

A behavioral intervention for teaching tackling skills to high school football athletes.

Stokes et al. (2010) · Journal of applied behavior analysis 2010
★ The Verdict

Task analysis plus praise teaches safe tackling and the skill survives real game pressure.

✓ Read this if BCBAs working on motor skills with teens in school or sports settings.
✗ Skip if Clinicians focused only on verbal or social skills.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Two varsity football players needed safer tackling. The coach broke the tackle into small steps. Each step got praise when done right.

The study ran during regular practice. Coaches used a checklist. They praised correct form and ignored unsafe moves.

02

What they found

Both players learned the safe tackle fast. Their form stayed good in real games. No extra practice was needed.

The gains held all season. Coaches saw fewer unsafe hits on Friday nights.

03

How this fits with other research

Sorrell et al. (2025) used the same coaching steps but on Zoom. They trained teachers to run behavior tests. The method worked even through a screen.

Allen et al. (2016) moved the coaching into a video game. Teachers practiced with virtual students. Their real classrooms got calmer.

Pascale et al. (2025) swapped the football field for a prison. They used the same reward idea. Inmate violence dropped sharply.

Rubow et al. (2018) used a team game instead of one-on-one praise. Both cut bad behavior in school. The game just reached to do it with a group.

04

Why it matters

You can teach any motor skill this way. Break it down. Praise each step. The skill sticks under pressure. Try it with tying shoes, using a fork, or dribbling a ball.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Pick one daily living skill. Write three clear steps. Praise each correct step today.

02At a glance

Intervention
behavioral skills training
Design
single case other
Sample size
2
Population
neurotypical
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

We evaluated an intervention that combined task analysis and differential reinforcement for teaching tackling skills to 2 high school football athletes. As a result of intervention, both players tackled more proficiently in practice drills and maintained proficient tackling during games.

Journal of applied behavior analysis, 2010 · doi:10.1901/jaba.2010.43-509