Practitioner Development

Self-control revisited: Or why doesn't anyone actually read Skinner anymore?

Brigham (1980) · The Behavior analyst 1980
★ The Verdict

Self-control is environmental, not mental — write plans that change contingencies, not invisible selves.

✓ Read this if BCBAs who write self-management goals or teach verbal behavior concepts.
✗ Skip if Clinicians only running discrete-trial drills with no self-control component.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

The author re-read Skinner’s original writings on self-control.

He compared them to the way cognitive-behavioral writers talk about “self-reinforcement.”

The paper is a straight-up critique, not an experiment.

02

What they found

Skinner’s line is simple: what we call self-control is just two sets of environmental contingencies.

Cognitive writers add an inner “self” that dishes out rewards.

The author says the extra mental step muddies the water and we should drop it.

03

How this fits with other research

Dosen (2005) shows Skinner himself moved past his early S-R talk and landed on selectionist pragmatics.

That later view backs the 1980 point: stop putting little homunculi inside the skin.

Schlinger (2023) does the same trick for infant speech, swapping “innate modules” for automatic reinforcement.

Layng et al. (2023) keeps the streak alive, using abstract tacts and autoclitic frames instead of cognitive rules to explain generative language.

Together these papers form a 40-year thread: replace hidden agents with observable contingencies.

04

Why it matters

When you write a self-management plan, describe the actual contingencies, not “the client will self-reinforce.”

Spell out what in the environment makes the desired behavior pay off and the problem behavior costly.

Your treatment note stays cleaner, your supervisees learn faster, and you stay true to Skinner’s radical stance.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Take one client goal that says “will self-reinforce” and rewrite it to name the exact outside consequence that will follow the target behavior.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
theoretical
Finding
not reported

03Original abstract

Self-control continues to develop as a major source of explanatory concepts within cognitive behavior therapy. The recent history of self-control is reviewed, and three related areas of disagreement between radical behaviorists and cognitive behaviorists are discussed. The logical status of self-reinforcement, reciprocity, and private events is examined and evaluated. This review suggests that a radical behavioral approach continues to offer psychology the most effective program for the analysis of behavior.

The Behavior analyst, 1980 · doi:10.1007/BF03391839