Practitioner Development

Interbehavioral psychology and radical behaviorism: Some similarities and differences.

Morris (1984) · The Behavior analyst 1984
★ The Verdict

Kantor’s wide-angle field view and Skinner’s tight ABC lens work better as one toolkit than as rivals.

✓ Read this if BCBAs who write behavior plans and teach staff why environment matters.
✗ Skip if RBTs looking for quick drill sheets or data sheets.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Kantor’s interbehavioral psychology and Skinner’s radical behaviorism are often taught as rivals. The author lined up the two side-by-side. He showed where they overlap and where they fill each other’s gaps.

The paper is pure theory—no new data, just a map for scientists and practitioners.

02

What they found

The two systems share the same root: behavior is the subject matter, environment is the cause, and mental events are not hidden movers.

Kantor’s “field” adds the wider context—history, culture, biology—while Skinner’s three-term contingency gives you the tight ABC unit you use every day.

Used together, they give both the wide lens and the zoom lens for viewing behavior.

03

How this fits with other research

Malagodi (1986) took the same open-hand spirit and pushed it further, saying radical behaviorism must also study whole cultures, not just single organisms.

Michael (1995) then sharpened the edge, showing that “private events” are simply behavior with limited access—another layer you can plug into either lens.

Roche et al. (2003) later showed the field can even talk with social constructionists because both camps reject mind-as-thing talk.

Baum (2018) updated the language again, swapping “discrete responses” for “molar activities” stretched across time—an expansion both Kantor and Skinner make room for.

04

Why it matters

You already run ABC analyses. Adding Kantor’s field reminds you to scan the client’s history, cultural rules, and biological setting events before you write your behavior plan. The paper gives you permission—and a blueprint—to blend both views instead of picking sides. Next time a caregiver says “He acts out for no reason,” zoom out to the field, then zoom in to the immediate contingency. You will write richer hypotheses and catch variables you used to miss.

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Add one field-level question—‘What historical or cultural context could set the occasion for this behavior?’—before your normal ABC data collection.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
theoretical
Finding
not reported

03Original abstract

Both J. R. Kantor's interbehavioral psychology and B. F. Skinner's radical behaviorism represent wellarticulated approaches to a natural science of behavior. As such, they share a number of similar features, yet they also differ on a number of dimensions. Some of these similarities and differences are examined by describing their emergence in the professional literature and by comparing the respective units of analysis of the two approaches-the interbehavioral field and the three-term contingency. An evaluation of the similarities and differences shows the similarities to be largely fundamental, and the differences largely ones of emphasis. Nonetheless, the two approaches do make unique contributions to a natural science of behavior, the integration of which can facilitate the development of that science and its acceptance among other sciences and within society at large.

The Behavior analyst, 1984 · doi:10.1007/BF03391903