Goodbye teacher, good old friend.
A single 1961 lecture tour sparked Brazil’s behavior-analysis community—proof that tiny outreach actions can grow into national movements.
01Research in Context
What this study did
Smith (1996) tells a short story. Fred Keller flew to Brazil in 1961 on a Fulbright grant.
He gave lectures, met students, and shared the brand-new science of behavior analysis.
The paper calls the trip a lucky accident that grew into a whole national field.
What they found
The visit did not collect data. It planted seeds.
Years later Brazil had its own behavior-analysis professors, journals, and conferences.
One short trip can start a chain reaction that lasts decades.
How this fits with other research
Eslava et al. (2025) extends the same idea. Four women built a brand-new ABA group in Mexico sixty years after Keller’s trip.
Haberlin et al. (2025) shows the next step. Australia turned early exchanges into a full national licensing system.
Simpson et al. (2001) acts as a successor voice. A 2001 panel looked back on twenty-five years of growth and said the field must keep training new people—exactly what Keller started in 1961.
Why it matters
You may never get a Fulbright, but every cross-border contact you make matters. Invite an overseas student to your clinic. Share a data sheet on social media. Coach a foreign colleague through the BACB process. Small acts echo the 1961 trip and keep the global network alive.
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02At a glance
03Original abstract
Fred Keller came to Brazil in 1961, as a Fulbright Scholar, by chance. Some call it fate or destiny. From the North American side, it certainly took a lot of concentrated effort and the usual red tape. What happened on the Brazilian side of the cooperation is not clear. Writing on the subject, Keller said that a Brazilian student taking undergraduate courses at Columbia once asked
Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior, 1996 · doi:10.1901/jeab.1996.66-7