Evaluating strategies to improve careprovider performance on health and developmental tasks in an infant care facility.

Kunz et al. (1982) tested two low-tech ways to help infant-care staff remember diaper checks and play tasks.

One group used a simple wall chart they filled in themselves. The other used a playchart plus quick supervisor feedback.

Both tools stayed in place for weeks so staff could run the checks without extra gear.

Both chart systems raised caregiver performance and kept it high.

Staff hit diaper-change and developmental-play targets more often and held the gains over time.

van Vonderen et al. (2010) later swapped the paper chart for five-minute video replays. Staff fixed prompt errors faster and the gains were bigger, so video feedback now supersedes the 1982 chart method.

Falligant et al. (2025) moved the same idea into inclusive preschool rooms. They added brief in-situ feedback after group BST. Most teachers needed that live coaching to reach mastery, showing the chart alone is rarely enough today.

Plant et al. (2007) kept the visual theme but traded the playchart for a praise-rate sheet. Elementary teachers quickly gave more behavior-specific praise, proving the format travels across ages and tasks.

The 1982 study shows you do not need fancy tech to improve staff habits. A self-chart plus a quick supervisor check still beats no feedback. If you have only paper and a pen, use them. If you have video or live coaching, add it—later studies show faster, larger gains. Start simple, then layer in richer feedback as tools allow.