Autism & Developmental

Through the eyes of a child: Sibling perspectives on having a sibling diagnosed with autism.

Schmeer et al. (2021) · Research in developmental disabilities 2021
★ The Verdict

Non-autistic siblings grow kinder yet risk hidden anxiety unless you ask.

✓ Read this if BCBAs doing home or clinic sessions with school-age clients who have siblings.
✗ Skip if Clinicians serving only-only children or adult clients.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Schmeer et al. (2021) sat down with children who have a brother or sister with autism.

They asked open questions so the kids could talk about feelings, daily life, and worries.

No numbers were counted; the goal was to hear the child’s own voice.

02

What they found

Most kids said they learned to be patient, kind, and helpful.

They also told stories of feeling left out, scared, or angry when parents focused only on the autistic sibling.

When these feelings stayed hidden, kids later showed anxiety, sadness, or acting-out behaviors.

03

How this fits with other research

Burnham Riosa et al. (2023) asked similar questions and heard the same mix of pride and loneliness, showing the pattern is stable.

LeFrancois et al. (1993) used checklists and already counted more behavior problems in these siblings; Alison’s interviews now explain why.

Johnson et al. (2009) looked only at families where the autistic child also had intellectual disability and found more emotional trouble; Alison studied autism without ID and highlights growth, so the two studies together tell us comorbidity level changes the risk.

Iannuzzi et al. (2022) extended the talk into the teen years and found the worries can last; early support may stop later strain.

04

Why it matters

You already watch your client; now watch the brother or sister too.

Add one question to your parent call: “How are your other kids doing this week?”

If they shrug or laugh it off, offer a short feelings check-in or a sibling support group.

Five minutes now can prevent months of anxiety or acting-out later.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Ask the parent, ‘Can I spend two minutes checking in with your other kids today?’

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
qualitative
Sample size
30
Population
autism spectrum disorder
Finding
not reported

03Original abstract

BACKGROUND: Sibling perspectives on the experiences of families caring for an autistic child are often overlooked in autism research. While qualitative research on these lived experiences has grown, it continues to primarily focus on parent reports. AIMS: This study explored how having a sibling with autism impacts the non-autistic siblings within a family systems framework. The goal of the current study was to expand the literature by exploring the impacts of autism on the sibling subsystem as reported by the parents and the non-autistic siblings themselves. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: The researchers interviewed 15 non-autistic siblings (aged 7-17) and 15 parents of children with autism to understand the experience of growing up with a sibling with autism. Content analysis was used to develop the interview protocol and analyze responses. Parent and non-autistic sibling reports of both siblings' effects on each other's development are triangulated with existing research. RESULTS: Findings indicate novel emotional skill-building occurs in non-autistic siblings, as well as some unique risk factors for internalizing and externalizing problems if non-autistic siblings' needs become deprioritized. Family stress, external relationships, intrapersonal and social skill development, and other implications of this unique relationship are discussed.

Research in developmental disabilities, 2021 · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2021.104066