Autism & Developmental

The Impact of Anxiety on the Participation of Children on the Autism Spectrum.

Ambrose et al. (2022) · Journal of autism and developmental disorders 2022
★ The Verdict

Child anxiety, separate from autism severity, cuts how often kids join home and community activities.

✓ Read this if BCBAs writing home and community goals for autistic elementary and middle-school clients.
✗ Skip if Clinicians focused only on early intensive behavioral intervention for toddlers.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Ambrose et al. (2022) asked parents of 6- to 13-year-old autistic children about anxiety and daily activities.

They used simple surveys to see if anxious kids joined home and community events less often.

02

What they found

Higher parent-rated anxiety predicted fewer activities, even after controlling for core autism traits.

Anxiety, not just autism severity, shrank how often kids went out or helped at home.

03

How this fits with other research

Adams et al. (2020) showed the same anxiety link but measured quality of life instead of activity count. The two papers agree: anxiety hurts daily life.

Adams et al. (2025) followed older autistic students over time and found anxiety best predicted later school refusal. Kathryn’s cross-sectional result now looks like the early warning sign for that longer-term problem.

Adams et al. (2020) also let kids speak for themselves; 96% said they felt anxious, yet only half thought adults noticed. Kathryn used only parent report, so the real anxiety number may be even higher.

04

Why it matters

If a child skips chores, errands, or playground trips, check anxiety before tweaking autism goals. Add feeling-scale check-ins, relaxation breaks, or graded exposure right in the home and community routines. Treating anxiety early may keep the door open for school attendance and friendships later.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Add a 0-5 anxiety rating to the client’s daily log and adjust outing demands when the number is high.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
survey
Sample size
131
Population
autism spectrum disorder
Finding
negative
Magnitude
small

03Original abstract

Anxiety is common in children on the autism spectrum, however its impacts are not fully understood. Participation is an important outcome, linked to the health and wellbeing of children. This study examined the relationship between anxiety and participation using parent reports for 131 children on the autism spectrum, aged 6-13 years. Hierarchical multiple regressions explored child and family factors in relation to participation in Home and Community settings. Anxiety was a unique, significant predictor of the frequency of children's participation (but not involvement in activities) in both settings, when controlling for autism characteristics, communication skills and family income. Anxiety symptomatology may contribute to the less frequent participation of children on the autism spectrum in home and community activities.

Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2022 · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2021.101763