Autism & Developmental

Inextricably tied: Nonbinary autistic individuals' views on how their gender identity and autism are connected.

Voltaire et al. (2024) · Autism : the international journal of research and practice 2024
★ The Verdict

Nonbinary autistic clients experience their gender and autism as inseparable—assess and support both identities together, not in isolation.

✓ Read this if BCBAs working with autistic teens or adults in clinic, school, or community settings.
✗ Skip if Practitioners who serve only very young or strictly binary-identified clients.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Voltaire et al. (2024) sat down with nonbinary autistic adults and asked open questions. They wanted to know how these adults see their gender and autism working together.

The talks were recorded and coded for themes. No numbers, just stories.

02

What they found

People said their gender and autism feel like one thing, not two. One person explained, 'I can't pull them apart; they color each other.'

This blend shaped how they see themselves and how they think others treat them.

03

How this fits with other research

Davies et al. (2024) reviewed dozens of studies and found that outside acceptance, not inner traits, drives a positive autistic identity. Samuellen's interviews echo this: participants wanted the world to accept both their gender and autism together.

Soto et al. (2024) surveyed autistic college students and showed that holding both gender-minority and autistic identities links to the highest stress and suicide risk. The new study adds depth: the same overlap that raises risk also gives some adults a clear, proud self-picture when support is present.

Ferenc et al. (2023) found that autistic adults who view autism as a natural brain difference report higher self-esteem. Samuelle's nonbinary speakers voiced a similar stance: they rejected 'broken' labels and embraced both identities as normal parts of themselves.

04

Why it matters

If you write goals or run groups, ask about gender identity right after you ask about autism. Use the client's own words on both topics. Celebrate the blend instead of treating one identity as a side issue. This small shift can cut stigma and boost engagement.

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Add one question to your intake: 'How do your gender and autism identities connect for you?' Write the answer verbatim and weave it into preference assessments and social goals.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
qualitative
Sample size
44
Population
autism spectrum disorder
Finding
not reported

03Original abstract

This study explores the experiences and identities of nonbinary autistic people. The relationship between autistic and nonbinary identities has not been researched in detail. Few studies focus specifically on nonbinary autistic adults. We interviewed 44 nonbinary individuals for this study. Participants had thought-out opinions on gender identity and emphasized identifying with fluidity rather than traditional gender roles. Participants discussed the connection of their autistic and nonbinary identities and how it affected how people saw them and how they saw themselves. We have recommendations for programming, policy, and research from these findings.

Autism : the international journal of research and practice, 2024 · doi:10.1177/13623613241257600