Autism & Developmental

Generalization by autistic-type children of verbal responses across settings.

Handleman (1979) · Journal of applied behavior analysis 1979
★ The Verdict

Move the teaching spot around school to help autistic kids use new words at home.

✓ Read this if BCBAs running verbal programs with school-age autistic learners.
✗ Skip if Clinicians who only treat in a single fixed clinic room with no location options.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Four autistic-type children practiced saying words at school.

Staff moved the teaching table to different spots each day. They wanted to see if the words would carry over to home.

The study used a single-case design and tracked home use of the trained words.

02

What they found

Three of the four kids used the words at home after training in many school places.

One child did not show clear carry-over.

The varied-location plan helped most kids generalize their verbal responses.

03

How this fits with other research

Handleman et al. (1980) ran a direct follow-up. They compared one fixed spot to many spots. Multiple spots again won, giving stronger proof.

Carr et al. (1985) looked at a different angle. They let kids learn prepositions during real play instead of at a table. Naturalistic teaching beat drills, showing another way to widen stimulus control.

Anderson (2001) stretched the idea further. They used many sentence frames, not many rooms, to get kids to answer new wh-questions anywhere. All three papers say the same thing: give the learner lots of varied examples if you want the skill to travel.

04

Why it matters

Stop chaining yourself to one therapy corner. Wheel the table, sit on the floor, stand by the window, try the hallway. A handful of locations during one week can push new words into the living room. Quick, free, and it worked for most kids in the study.

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02At a glance

Intervention
verbal behavior intervention
Design
single case other
Sample size
4
Population
autism spectrum disorder
Finding
positive
Magnitude
medium

03Original abstract

Generalization of verbal behavior by autistic-type children across physically different settings was assessed. Four boys learned responses to common questions in two settings at school and were probed to determine transfer of learning to home. Three of the children demonstrated little generalization to home when trained in a cubicle. Greater generalization was indicated when they received training at varied locations. The fourth child generalized most responses to his home regardless of training setting. Simple manipulations of the school environment to more closely simulate home conditions may facilitate transfer of training to the natural environment.

Journal of applied behavior analysis, 1979 · doi:10.1901/jaba.1979.12-273