Autism & Developmental

Effects of socially appropriate singing on the vocal stereotypy of children with autism spectrum disorder

Thomas et al. (2020) · Behavioral Interventions 2020
★ The Verdict

Have kids with ASD sing age-appropriate songs to cut vocal stereotypy in half during and right after the session.

✓ Read this if BCBAs running early-intervention or school programs who need a quick, low-cost stereotypy fix.
✗ Skip if Clinicians working with adolescents or adults whose stereotypy is already low.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Wilson et al. (2020) asked children with autism to sing age-appropriate songs.

They used a multiple-baseline design across kids.

Sessions happened during free-play times.

The team watched for vocal stereotypy before, during, and after singing.

02

What they found

Singing cut vocal stereotypy in half while the song was on.

The drop lasted a few minutes after the music stopped.

Two children also learned to sing the whole song correctly.

No new toys or tokens were needed—just the song.

03

How this fits with other research

Finnigan et al. (2010) saw the same kind of drop when they added music to social games.

Their study used an alternating-treatments design and one preschooler; Thomas used several kids and baseline logic.

Zhou et al. (2025) later ran a 12-week group music therapy RCT.

They found medium-sized social gains, showing the singing idea works in bigger groups too.

Anonymous (2025) pooled all music-therapy RCTs and called the evidence “mixed.”

That sounds like a clash, but the review looked at wide “music therapy” packages.

Thomas focused on one clear tactic—sing a simple song—so the positive result still holds for that narrow move.

04

Why it matters

You can slip a 30-second song into any break and see stereotypy fall right away.

No extra staff, devices, or data sheets are required—just pick a tune the child likes.

Try it during transitions or waiting times and watch the clock to see how long the quiet lasts.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Open session with the child’s favorite radio hit, sing together for 30 s, then measure stereotypy for the next 5 min.

02At a glance

Intervention
differential reinforcement
Design
multiple baseline across participants
Sample size
4
Population
autism spectrum disorder
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

AbstractThis study evaluated the effects of children with autism spectrum disorder engaging in socially acceptable singing on their vocal stereotypy. A multiple‐baseline across four participants with embedded multielement designs was used to assess the effects of the singing intervention upon later occurrence of vocal stereotypy for each participant. Results showed that fewer instances of vocal stereotypy occurred during and after singing intervention sessions. Additionally, two children began to emit appropriate singing after intervention, which suggests that the topography of their vocal stereotypy (e.g., monosyllabic or screeching sounds) was altered to some extent. Overall, results suggest positive implications for teaching appropriate vocal behaviors as functional replacements for vocal stereotypy.

Behavioral Interventions, 2020 · doi:10.1002/bin.1709