Brief report: identical male twins concordant for Asperger's disorder.

Ishijima et al. (2007) watched two identical twin boys who both had Asperger’s.

The team wrote down every difference they saw in IQ, motor skills, and extra diagnoses.

They wanted to know if same DNA always means same autism picture.

Even with matching genes, the twins did not match in skills or needs.

One boy scored higher on IQ tests; the other had weaker motor control.

The paper shows genes alone can’t predict how Asperger’s will look.

Lawer et al. (2009) scanned brains of twin pairs who were split: one twin autistic, one not.

They found extra brain folds in both twins, hinting that non-genetic factors still shape the brain.

The scan study extends Michiko’s idea: identical genes can still lead to different brains and behaviors.

Helles et al. (2017) followed Asperger men for twenty years and saw wide life-outcome gaps.

Their long view agrees with the twin case: shared DNA does not lock in shared future.

When you meet identical twins on your caseload, treat them as two separate kids.

Use individual assessments for IQ, motor, and mood even when DNA is the same.

Plan different goals, because genetics only sets the stage; environment and learning write the script.