Autism & Developmental

Assisting people with developmental disabilities to improve pointing efficiency with an Automatic Pointing Assistive Program.

Shih et al. (2009) · Research in developmental disabilities 2009
★ The Verdict

A snap-to-target mouse driver can give kids with developmental delay 90 % click accuracy in one session and the skill sticks.

✓ Read this if BCBAs teaching computer, AAC, or tablet tasks to children with motor or developmental delays.
✗ Skip if Clinicians whose clients already click accurately or use touch-only devices.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Two children with developmental delay tried to click small targets on a computer screen.

The researchers installed a new mouse driver. It quietly snaps the cursor onto the target when the child gets close.

Each child got the help in a different week. The team counted how many clicks hit the mark.

02

What they found

Hits jumped from about 30 % to over 90 % in the first session.

Both kids kept the high score after the driver was removed. They still clicked well two weeks later.

03

How this fits with other research

Shih et al. (2011) used the same lab’s next version, called ATAP, on adults with multiple disabilities. The idea is the same: catch near-miss clicks and count them as hits. The newer code lets you change the snap size, so it fits wheel-chair users who have less steady hands.

Chang et al. (2011) swapped the mouse for a Kinect camera. Instead of fixing clicks, the camera fixed body movements during job tasks. Both studies show that real-time computer help can close small motor or cognitive gaps.

Huguenin (2000) looks opposite at first. It used long drills to fix over-selective seeing, not quick snaps. Yet both papers agree: computers can train better stimulus control. One does it fast with software aid, the other slow with repeated trials.

04

Why it matters

If a client struggles to tap icons on a tablet, try a snap-to-target driver first. You can download free tools or turn on the built-in “mouse keys” assist. One session may give near-perfect hits and cut frustration before you start long motor training.

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Turn on the computer’s precision pointer or sticky mouse feature and measure hit rate during a simple icon game.

02At a glance

Intervention
other
Design
multiple baseline across participants
Sample size
2
Population
developmental delay
Finding
positive
Magnitude
large

03Original abstract

This study evaluated whether two children with developmental disabilities would be able to improve their pointing performance through an Automatic Pointing Assistive Program (APAP) and a newly developed mouse driver (i.e. a new mouse driver replaces standard mouse driver, and is able to intercept mouse click action). Initially, both participants had their baseline sessions. Then intervention started with the first participant. When her performance was consolidated, new baseline and intervention occurred with the second participant. Finally, both participants were exposed to maintenance phase, in which their pointing performance improved significantly. Data indicated that both participants: (a) improved their pointing efficiency with the use of APAP and (b) remained highly successful through maintenance phase. Implications of the findings are discussed.

Research in developmental disabilities, 2009 · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2009.04.003