The Effects of Early Language on Age at Diagnosis and Functioning at School Age in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Early language delay does not predict school-age adaptive living skills in autism—IQ and social symptoms do.
01Research in Context
What this study did
The team looked at kids with autism who had early language delay. They matched them with kids with autism who talked on time.
Both groups were checked again at school age. The study asked: does late talking predict worse daily living skills later?
What they found
After matching, both groups scored the same on adaptive skills. Early language delay did not spell trouble for dressing, eating, or other daily tasks.
IQ level and social symptoms told the story better than the age a child first spoke.
How this fits with other research
Howlin (2003) saw the same null result in adults. Adults with and without early language delay looked alike on social and language measures.
Allen et al. (2001) also found no split: in cognitively able autistic kids, 71 variables showed no difference tied to speech delay.
Payne et al. (2020) seems to disagree. Teens with early language delay had weaker executive function and motivation. The key gap: Anthony looked at daily living skills; K et al. looked at planning and drive. Different domains, different answers.
Why it matters
Stop using early talking history to guess how well a child will dress, cook, or use the bus. Check IQ and social symptoms instead. When you write goals, lean on current ability and social profile, not old milestone charts.
Want CEUs on This Topic?
The ABA Clubhouse has 60+ free CEUs — live every Wednesday. Ethics, supervision & clinical topics.
Join Free →Score current IQ and social symptoms, then set adaptive goals from those numbers, not from ‘did they talk at two’ records.
02At a glance
03Original abstract
Research suggests that toddlers with no language delay (NLD) should have better outcomes than those with language delay (LD). However, the predictive utility of language milestones relative to co-varying factors such as age at diagnosis, IQ, and ASD symptomatology is unclear. This study compared school-aged children with ASD and NLD (n = 59) to a well-matched group with ASD and LD (n = 59). The LD group was diagnosed at younger ages and their historical ASD symptoms were more severe than the NLD group. The groups were similar in current ASD symptoms and adaptive functioning at school age. Language milestones were correlated with adaptive functioning, but IQ and social symptoms of ASD were stronger predictors of functioning at school age. Therefore, language milestones may not be the best indicators of prognosis for children who are diagnosed after toddlerhood.
Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2017 · doi:10.1007/s10803-017-3133-1