Assessment & Research

Pedometer-measured physical activity of adults with intellectual disability: predicting weekly step counts.

Temple et al. (2009) · American journal on intellectual and developmental disabilities 2009
★ The Verdict

Three days of pedometer data gives you a trustworthy weekly step count for ambulatory adults with ID.

✓ Read this if BCBAs writing health or mobility goals for adults with intellectual disability in day programs or group homes.
✗ Skip if Clinicians working with non-ambulatory or wheelchair-using clients.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Researchers asked adults with intellectual disability to wear a pedometer every day for one week. They wanted to know if just three days of data could predict the whole week’s step count.

The team used simple clip-on step counters. No lab gear. No complex apps. Just walking and counting.

02

What they found

Three days of pedometer data explained almost 90 percent of the weekly total. That means you can skip the full seven days and still trust the number.

The shortcut worked for adults who could walk on their own. One long weekend of data gives you a solid baseline.

03

How this fits with other research

Johnson et al. (2014) later showed you can also ask caregivers to help adults report their own activity. Their assisted self-report matched pedometer readings. Together, the two papers give you two cheap tools: count steps for three days or ask with help.

Guerra-Balic et al. (2015) tested the six-minute walk test in the same group. They also found high reliability after one practice. All three studies say the same thing: keep it short, keep it simple, and practice once.

Andrade et al. (2014) went a step further. They used step goals plus fading rewards to boost walking in sedentary adults without ID. Their message: once you have good data, you can shape behavior. The 2009 paper hands you the first piece—easy, valid data.

04

Why it matters

You now have permission to stop at three days. Clip a pedometer on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, and you’re done. Use that number to set realistic step goals, write reports, or justify adaptive PE time. Less burden on clients, less staff time, same quality data.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Pick three weekdays, hand the client a pedometer, and record total steps each night—use that average times seven for the weekly baseline.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
other
Sample size
154
Population
intellectual disability
Finding
positive
Magnitude
large

03Original abstract

Pedometers are objective, inexpensive, valid, and reliable measures of physical activity. The minimum number of days of pedometer monitoring needed to estimate average weekly step counts was investigated. Seven days of pedometer data were collected from 154 ambulatory men and women (ns = 88 and 66, respectively) with intellectual disability. Correlations between average weekly steps and 3-day combinations ranged from .80 to .94, and adjusted R(2) for 3 days of monitoring was .886. Results suggest that 3 days of pedometer wear is sufficient to predict average weekly steps among ambulatory adults with intellectual disability. This finding will allow researchers to reduce participant burden and study costs, may guide measurement procedures, and inform missing data protocols.

American journal on intellectual and developmental disabilities, 2009 · doi:10.1352/2009.114:15-22