Assessment & Research

Observational assessment of toy preferences among young children with disabilities in inclusive settings. Efficiency analysis and comparison with staff opinion.

Reid et al. (2003) · Behavior modification 2003
★ The Verdict

Five short play watches tell you what toy will work as a reinforcer better than teacher opinion.

✓ Read this if BCBAs in inclusive preschool rooms who need fast reinforcer IDs.
✗ Skip if Clinicians already using long MSWO or tablet video checks that are working fine.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

The team watched toddlers with disabilities play with toys during class.

They ran five short sessions, ten sessions, and fifteen sessions.

They also asked teachers which toys each child liked best.

02

What they found

The five-session watch matched the longer ones.

Teacher guesses often missed the mark.

Less time gave the same answer.

03

How this fits with other research

Chebli et al. (2016) got the same 5-minute win, but with videos on a tablet.

Laugeson et al. (2014) seems to disagree: longer play time per item gave steadier rankings.

The two studies test different levers: H et al. cut the number of visits, A et al. stretched each visit. Both can be true; use short sessions unless you need rock-solid ranks across weeks.

Heinicke et al. (2019) and Kittler et al. (2004) reviews say "mix methods." This paper shows the observational leg can be quick.

04

Why it matters

You can run five brief play checks instead of guessing or dragging out assessments.

Start Monday: pick five toys, watch for two minutes each, count which one stays in the child’s hands.

Use that item first in teaching trials.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Bring five novel toys, let the child play for two minutes each, and run trials with the one they touch most.

02At a glance

Intervention
preference assessment
Design
single case other
Sample size
7
Population
developmental delay
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

Numerous investigations have demonstrated means of assessing preferences among students and adults with disabilities. In contrast, there has been little attention on preference identification among young children. We evaluated a preference assessment with 7 toddlers and preschoolers with disabilities in inclusive programs. First, identification of toy-play preferences was compared across three assessments that varied in amount of toy-play behavior sampled and time required for implementation (5-, 10-, and 15-session assessments). Second, results of the assessments were compared to staff opinion. Results indicated the most efficient assessment identified preferences that generally were consistent with preferences identified with the less time-efficient assessments. Results also indicated staff reports did not consistently indicate which toys were played with most frequently. Overall, results demonstrate an efficient means of determining preferences among young children with disabilities in inclusive settings. Results also suggest that staff opinion should not be relied on exclusively to determine preferences.

Behavior modification, 2003 · doi:10.1177/0145445503251588