Assessment & Research

Identifying emerging trends for implementing learning technology in special education: a state-of-the-art review of selected articles published in 2008-2012.

Liu et al. (2013) · Research in developmental disabilities 2013
★ The Verdict

Computer-assisted tools still dominate special-ed tech, and newer studies show they can trim session time and prompts without hurting learning.

✓ Read this if BCBAs running DTT or academic programs in schools
✗ Skip if Clinicians focused only on severe behavior reduction

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Liu et al. (2013) looked at 26 studies about using computers and gadgets to teach students with disabilities. They only picked papers published between 2008 and 2012. Most of the studies used true experiments to test if the tech helped kids learn.

02

What they found

Computer-assisted tools were the star. Web mentors, educational games, and laptops showed up again and again. Nearly half of the studies were trying to prove that these tools actually work.

03

How this fits with other research

Stephenson et al. (2015) zoomed in on touch-screen phones and tablets for the same group. They saw the same pattern: small studies, basic skills, but good vibes.

Hu et al. (2020) took the next step. They ran an experiment and found that computer-assisted discrete trial teaching cut prompting and session time while keeping learning equal to teacher flashcards.

Savaldi-Harussi et al. (2025) refined the idea even more. Their Smart-Glove with video scenes helped younger students with moderate ID learn global words faster than plain flashcards, but it did nothing for older students with severe ID.

04

Why it matters

If you run discrete trials or teach matching tasks, try letting the computer carry some load. Start with simple computer-assisted lessons for younger or moderate-ID students. Track prompts and time—you should see both drop. Save the fancy gloves or VR for later; the basic laptop or tablet still does the heavy lifting.

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Swap one flashcard set for a computer-assisted lesson and count how many prompts you give.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
systematic review
Population
mixed clinical
Finding
not reported

03Original abstract

As electronic learning (e-learning) becomes increasingly popular in education worldwide, learning technology (LT) has been applied in various learning environments and activities to promote meaningful, efficient, and effective learning. LT has also been adopted by researchers and teacher-practitioners in the field of special education, but as yet little review-based research has been published. This review research thus carefully examined the trends of LT implementations in special education, providing a comprehensive analysis of 26 studies published in indexed journals in the past five years (2008-2012). Two research questions were addressed: (a) What are the major research aims, methodologies, and outcomes in these studies of implementing LT in the field of special education? and (b) What types of LT are mainly used with special education students, and for what kinds of students? Major findings include that examining the learning effectiveness of LT using was the most common research purpose (75%); researchers primarily relied on experimental studies (46%, 12 studies), followed by interviews and questionnaires (19%, 5 studies). Moreover, the most common use of LT was computer-assisted technology (such as web-based mentoring, educational computer games, laptop computers) in special education; studies investigating the use of LT with mentally disabled students were more than those with physically disabled ones. It is expected that the findings of this work and their implications will serve as valuable references with regard to the use of LT with special education students.

Research in developmental disabilities, 2013 · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2013.07.007