Assessment & Research

Factors relating to age of onset in autism.

Short et al. (1988) · Journal of autism and developmental disorders 1988
★ The Verdict

Most autism is parent-noticed by age two, and earlier concern flags greater symptom severity.

✓ Read this if BCBAs conducting intake assessments or coaching families of toddlers.
✗ Skip if Clinicians who only serve school-age youth with stable diagnoses.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Researchers asked parents when they first noticed autism signs in their child. They also scored each child's symptom severity and IQ.

The team wanted to see if earlier parent concern linked to more severe autism traits.

02

What they found

Three out of four parents spotted problems before the child's second birthday.

Kids whose parents spoke up earliest tended to have lower IQs and higher CARS autism scores.

03

How this fits with other research

Warnes et al. (2005) seems to disagree. They also used parent recall but found onset timing did NOT predict later IQ or severity. The clash fades when you see both studies used different age points and severity tools.

Eisenmajer et al. (1998) adds nuance. Early language delay predicted worse symptoms only in early childhood, not later. This warns us that early signs may matter most at preschool age, matching B et al.'s window.

Katz et al. (2003) backs parents as reliable reporters. Their survey showed parents can recall clear social, language, and motor red flags years before diagnosis, strengthening trust in the 1988 parent timestamps.

04

Why it matters

When parents say "something felt off before age two," take it seriously. Use their history as one cue for thorough assessment and plan for possibly higher support needs. Pair this clue with direct observation and current skill data rather than relying on timing alone.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Add a simple parent question to your intake: "When did you first worry?" Note the age and fold it into your severity snapshot.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
other
Sample size
1800
Population
autism spectrum disorder
Finding
not reported

03Original abstract

We examined the distribution of ages of onset of autism and related communication handicaps and assessed factors related to age of onset. Subjects were approximately 1,800 children seen at Division TEACCH (Treatment and Education of Autistic and related Communication handicapped CHildren) since 1970. Exact numbers of subjects varied with different analyses due to missing data. Data were gathered through direct assessment, interview, and questionnaire. Seventy-six percent of autistic children were identified by parents by 24 months of age, and 94% by 36 months. Families reporting early onset tended to seek help sooner and to be seen by TEACCH sooner. Early onset was most clearly related to severity as measured by IQ and ratings on the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (Schopler, Reichler, & Renner, 1986). The findings support the treatment of age of onset of autism by DSM-III-R (American Psychiatric Association, 1987).

Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 1988 · doi:10.1007/BF02211947