Assessment & Research

Autistic disorder in nineteenth-century London: three case reports.

Waltz et al. (2004) · Autism : the international journal of research and practice 2004
★ The Verdict

Kids who meet today’s autism criteria were already described in 1800s London medical files.

✓ Read this if BCBAs who field questions about autism’s history or need vintage proof for family talks.
✗ Skip if Clinicians looking for treatment data; this paper offers none.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Waltz et al. (2004) dug into 1800s London hospital notes. They pulled three children who acted like kids we now call autistic.

The team lined up old doctor words with today’s autism checklists. No new tests, just a careful read of dusty files.

02

What they found

All three children fit modern autism criteria even though the word “autism” did not yet exist.

Their stories show the profile we treat today was already present more than a century ago.

03

How this fits with other research

Gillberg (1993), Fombonne (2003), and Szatmari (1992) all say autism is a long-known behavioral syndrome. The London cases give them fresh old proof.

Yelton (1979) tracked one of Kanner’s first patients into adult life. Together with Mitzi’s kids, we see the same pattern from teen years to grown-up.

Delamater et al. (1986) warned that early autism papers lacked clear details. Mitzi answered by giving rich, clear notes on each 19th-century child.

04

Why it matters

You can tell parents and teachers that autism is not new. These 1800s stories prove the profile stayed steady across time and place. Use the fact to ease fears that modern life “causes” autism and to show why evidence-based ABA remains the top tool.

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Show a parent the short case vignettes to illustrate that autism traits have long been documented.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
case series
Sample size
3
Population
autism spectrum disorder
Finding
not reported

03Original abstract

This article examines the existence, description, perception, treatment, and outcome of symptoms consistent with autistic disorder in nineteenth-century London, England, based on case histories from the notes of Dr William Howship Dickinson at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children. Three cases meeting the DSM-IV criteria for autistic disorder are described in detail. Other cases in which autistic traits are described are briefly summarized. The article explores the environment of contemporary medical practice, beliefs about childhood brain disorders, and social practice regarding children with brain disorders, and the impact of these factors on assessment and treatment. It correlates Dickinson's observations with current research on autism, providing information about children with autism before the condition was formally named in 1943.

Autism : the international journal of research and practice, 2004 · doi:10.1177/1362361304040635