Assessment & Research

Autism prevalence and outcomes in older adults.

Robison (2019) · Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research 2019
★ The Verdict

We still lack basic health and suicide data for autistic adults over 50—start screening and tracking now.

✓ Read this if BCBAs who work with autistic adults in clinics, day programs, or residential homes.
✗ Skip if Practitioners serving only young children.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Robison (2019) wrote a narrative review. The author looked at what we know about autistic adults over 50.

The paper is a call to arms. It says we lack basic numbers on how many older autistic adults exist, how often they get sick, and how often they die by suicide.

02

What they found

The review found a gap. We have almost no data on autism in adults past mid-life.

Without those numbers, we cannot plan health services or check if programs work.

03

How this fits with other research

Nijhof et al. (2025) extends this gap into hard data. They show autistic adults land in hospital and die from COVID-19 at rates 30–60 % above the general public.

Fradet et al. (2025) also extends the worry. They link poor sleep to suicide risk in autistic teens and adults, giving a target the 2019 review asked for.

Forbes et al. (2023) seems to contradict the doom story. Their young-adult cohort had low independence but mental-health scores close to UK norms. The difference is age: Gordon looked at 20-somethings; Elder warns about 50-plus. Risk rises with age, so both can be true.

04

Why it matters

If you serve autistic adults, treat Elder's gap as a red flag. Track health and suicide risk past age 50. Use Dewy's COVID data to push for medical follow-up. Use L's sleep link to add sleep checks to safety plans. Start counting now, because what we measure we can fix.

Free CEUs

Want CEUs on This Topic?

The ABA Clubhouse has 60+ free CEUs — live every Wednesday. Ethics, supervision & clinical topics.

Join Free →
→ Action — try this Monday

Add one sleep and suicide-risk question to intake forms for clients 25 and up.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
narrative review
Population
autism spectrum disorder
Finding
not reported

03Original abstract

Recent studies of mortality, illness, and suicide among autistic adults paint an alarming picture. Autistic people appear to die much earlier than the general population, and they seem to be far more vulnerable to a surprising range of medical problems. Suicide and depression seem far more common than in the general population. If correct, that suggests an older autistic population in silent crisis, with few if any supports. If so, older autistic people should be a focus for public health and human service agencies. But is the picture complete? Autism researchers ask for answers, identifying problems and their scope. This article discusses the limitations of our adult autism knowledge, and the challenges we will face studying adults. Researching and ultimately serving older autistic adults presents a unique set of problems that have not yet been addressed by scientists or clinicians. Autism Res 2019, 12: 370-374 © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Public policy toward autistic people is driven by data. Most autism data to date have been derived from and about children, because autism tends to be identified and supported in the public school system. This has created a public perception of autism as a childhood problem. In fact, autism is a lifelong difference or disability, and recent studies suggest serious overlooked concerns for autistic adults. This commentary discusses how we have evaluated adult autism so far, limitations of our knowledge, and how we might evaluate adult needs going forward. The commentary makes a case for specific new adult prevalence and outcome studies to inform public policy.

Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research, 2019 · doi:10.1002/aur.2080