ABA Fundamentals

Using equivalence‐based instruction to teach piano skills to children

Hill et al. (2020) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 2020
★ The Verdict

Equivalence lessons let kids with or without autism play piano faster by sparking untrained links.

✓ Read this if BCBAs teaching music, typing, or other visual-motor skills to children.
✗ Skip if Clinicians focused only on vocal language or daily living skills.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Hill et al. (2020) used equivalence-based lessons to teach piano notes and songs to children.

Some kids had autism and some were neurotypical.

The team set up matching tasks so the children linked written notes, piano keys, and sounds.

02

What they found

After the lessons, every child could play trained notes and songs on a real piano.

New skills showed up without extra teaching.

Kids also played untrained songs, showing the method saved time.

03

How this fits with other research

Langton et al. (2020) got the same outcome with college students using matrix training instead of equivalence.

Both studies hit near-perfect piano performance, so the two methods appear to work equally well.

Peters et al. (2013) used equivalence with toddlers who had autism and saw emergent tacts.

Hill extends that toddler work into music, proving the tactic works across ages and topics.

04

Why it matters

You can teach piano or any other visual-to-motor skill the same way you teach language.

Set up three-way matching between picture, word, and action, then let equivalence do the rest.

Try it next time you need fast, generalizable motor skills with autistic or typical learners.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Pick three piano keys, their note names, and staff pictures; run match-to-sample until the child plays an untrained song.

02At a glance

Intervention
stimulus equivalence training
Design
single case other
Sample size
8
Population
autism spectrum disorder, neurotypical
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effects of equivalence-based instruction (EBI) on learning to play individual notes and simple songs on the piano. Participants were 4 typically developing children and 4 children with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). They were exposed to a series of auditory-visual matching-to-sample procedures using musical stimuli. Following training, participants were tested on the emergence of novel untrained relations and generalization in the form of playing two songs on a keyboard. Results suggest that the EBI was effective in teaching piano playing skills with both typically developing children and children with ASD. The success of this procedure is indicative of the wide-ranging applications of EBI to novel and creative domains.

Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2020 · doi:10.1002/jaba.547