The behavioral economics of production.
Rat licking rises with higher work requirements and more workers, following the same diminishing-returns rule seen in factories.
01Research in Context
What this study did
The team tested if rat licking follows a factory rule. They raised the number of tongue lifts needed for water. They also added more rats or more water spouts.
The setup copied an old economics idea: more workers plus more machines should raise total output, but only up to a point.
What they found
Harder work rules pushed the rats to lick more, not less. Extra rats or extra spouts also lifted total licks. The curve matched a Cobb-Douglas production function.
Output still grew, yet each new worker or station gave smaller and smaller gains.
How this fits with other research
Delmendo et al. (2009) extends the same price idea to kids. They showed that when each M&M costs more button presses, children buy fewer M&Ms. Both studies say the same thing: higher unit price cuts consumption.
Killeen (1978) came earlier and asked what happens when daily food is capped. Rats still worked hard but shifted choice toward the cheaper reinforcer. Szempruch et al. (1993) flips the question: instead of limiting income, they boost labor and capital and watch total output rise.
McGonigle et al. (1982) used one rat on two levers and found that pressing more on the rich lever can suppress output on the lean lever. The 1993 paper shows the opposite side: adding extra rats or stations can raise the grand total without hurting anyone’s rate.
Why it matters
Your client’s “response factory” behaves like the rat data. If you raise the task demand, you may get more total work, but only while the cost feels worth it. Adding helpers or materials can also lift output, yet each new helper gives smaller gains. Use this when you set high-response programs or add staff: watch for the sweet spot where extra effort or extra hands still pays off.
Want CEUs on This Topic?
The ABA Clubhouse has 60+ free CEUs — live every Wednesday. Ethics, supervision & clinical topics.
Join Free →Graph your client’s total responses while you slowly increase the response requirement; stop when the gain per extra response drops below your payoff line
02At a glance
03Original abstract
In two experiments, thirsty rats licked an empty spout instrumentally for water delivered at a neighboring spout. Each such pair of spouts constituted a work station, and one, two, or three stations were available in the test enclosure. In 1-hr sessions, the rats worked alone or in the company of 1 or 2 other rats, and performed either five, 10, or 40 licks at the empty spout for each water delivery. The total number of empty-spout licks, summed across rats and stations, increased with the empty-lick requirement and, with some exceptions, the number of rats in the enclosure and the number of work stations available. A Cobb-Douglas production function, with instrumental responding as an output and the three independent variables as inputs, accounted for a significant percentage of the variance. Contrary to that function, output failed to increase with additional rats (or work stations) when the number of work stations (or rats) was relatively small.
Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior, 1993 · doi:10.1901/jeab.1993.60-559