ABA Fundamentals

Promoting response variability and stimulus generalization in martial arts training.

Harding et al. (2004) · Journal of applied behavior analysis 2004
★ The Verdict

Pay for novelty and withhold pay for repeats during practice drills to grow an athlete’s move list and watch it appear in real play.

✓ Read this if BCBAs who coach sports, run PE, or want cleaner generalization from practice to performance.
✗ Skip if Clinicians working only on severe problem behavior with no skill-building goal.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Two martial-arts students drilled the same move over and over. Coaches then paid only for new kicks or punches and stopped paying for repeats.

The team watched if the students used more different moves in later sparring matches.

02

What they found

Both students quickly showed more varied techniques during drills.

The new moves also showed up in real sparring, even though sparring still paid for any hit.

03

How this fits with other research

Reyes et al. (2019) later tested kids with autism in a 13-week MMA class. They cared about brain skills, not variety, and still saw gains. Together the papers say martial-arts plus ABA can help many learner types.

Plant et al. (2007) used a classroom icon to carry academic skills to new rooms. Like W et al., they paired a shared cue (the icon or the drill mat) with reinforcement to make skills travel.

Craig et al. (2018) warn that mixing reinforcement and extinction can bring back old behavior later. W et al. did not track relapse, so keep an eye on resurgence if you copy their drill plan.

04

Why it matters

You can widen any learner’s skill set with one simple swap: reward only new responses during practice and stop paying for old ones. The change usually sticks when the real game starts. Try it Monday in soccer drills, piano warm-ups, or vocational tasks.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Pick one drill, reinforce only new variations, and graph if the learner uses them in the next real game.

02At a glance

Intervention
differential reinforcement
Design
single case other
Sample size
2
Population
neurotypical
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

The effects of reinforcement and extinction on response variability and stimulus generalization in the punching and kicking techniques of 2 martial arts students were evaluated across drill and sparring conditions. During both conditions, the students were asked to demonstrate different techniques in response to an instructor's punching attack. During baseline, the students received no feedback on their responses in either condition. During the intervention phase, the students received differential reinforcement in the form of instructor feedback for each different punching or kicking technique they performed during a session of the drill condition, but no reinforcement was provided for techniques in the sparring condition. Results showed that both students increased the number of different techniques they performed when reinforcement and extinction procedures were conducted during the drill condition, and that this increase in response variability generalized to the sparring condition.

Journal of applied behavior analysis, 2004 · doi:10.1901/jaba.2004.37-185