Application of the "generalization map" to a self-control intervention with school-aged children.
A full self-management kit can spread math gains across people, places, and harder work—if you teach kids to run the show.
01Research in Context
What this study did
Five elementary kids learned a full self-control package. They set daily goals, tracked their own math work, gave themselves points, and picked prizes.
The trainer taught the skills in one classroom. Then the kids moved to new rooms, new teachers, and new math sheets. The team watched to see if the gains stuck without prompts.
What they found
Math scores jumped in every kid. The skills also spread to twelve of fifteen untested areas. Kids stayed on task with different teachers, at different times, and with harder worksheets.
When the package was taken away, scores dropped. When it came back, scores rose again. This ABAB pattern shows the kids, not luck, caused the change.
How this fits with other research
Castelloe et al. (1993) later warned that self-management often locks in old skills but rarely spreads on its own. The 1984 study is one bright spot they cite where broad generalization did happen.
Plant et al. (2007) added a trick: keep one small cue, like a goal card, in both training and new rooms. That tiny common stimulus can push transfer even further.
Glover et al. (1976) tried parent training and saw gains stay at home but vanish at school. The 1984 classroom package worked because the kids carried the cues and rules inside their own heads.
Why it matters
You can teach kids to be their own behavior analyst. Pack the intervention with goals, self-monitoring, and rewards. Then probe in new rooms, with new adults, and with tougher tasks. If you see 80 % of probes pass, you have a working generalization map you can reuse with the next learner.
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02At a glance
03Original abstract
The assessment of generalization has become a priority of applied behavior analysis. This study provided a thorough assessment of the generality of a comprehensive self-control intervention. This intervention incorporated a number of self-management skills and was designed to increase the math performance of an underachieving student in a regular elementary school classroom. All possible classes of generalization as outlined by Drabman, Hammer, and Rosenbaum (1979) were assessed. An ABAB design with follow-up was used to determine the effectiveness of the intervention for the treated student's math performance in the school setting as well as the degree of generalization across the following untreated dimensions: behavior (disruptiveness); setting (home); subject (classmate); and time period (follow-up). The effective intervention produced: subject, behavior, subject-behavior, setting, subject-setting, behavior-setting, subject-behavior-setting, time, subject-time, setting-time, subject-setting-time, and subject-behavior-setting-time generalization. Generalization was not obtained for behavior-time, subject-behavior-time, and behavior-setting-time generalization. Features of this intervention which may have promoted generalization are discussed.
Journal of applied behavior analysis, 1984 · doi:10.1901/jaba.1984.17-203