ABA Fundamentals

Improving Performance Covertly and Remotely with Tactile Stimulation

Dubuque et al. (2021) · Behavior Analysis in Practice 2021
★ The Verdict

A smartwatch vibration can serve as a hidden prompt or feedback tool, keeping intervention discreet and dignified.

✓ Read this if BCBAs working with adolescents or adults in community or vocational settings.
✗ Skip if Clinicians serving clients who do not tolerate wrist wearables or tactile input.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Dubuque et al. (2021) tested a new way to prompt behavior. They used a smartwatch to send silent buzzes to one person. The buzz acted like a private cue or quick feedback.

The whole setup ran through a phone app. No one else could see or hear the prompt. The study is a single-case report, so it shows proof-of-concept rather than a large trial.

02

What they found

The watch prompt worked. The person could feel the vibration and then carry out the target action. Because the cue was hidden, the client kept dignity in public places.

The authors list several perks: no extra devices to wear, no sound, and the clinician can trigger the buzz from across the room.

03

How this fits with other research

Greenwald (2024) used real-time software prompts during labor. Both studies deliver cues right when they are needed, but Greenwald used audio-visual prompts while Dubuque used silent tactile. The shared idea is tech that does not interrupt the ongoing activity.

Cox et al. (2017) also faded prompts to help children with autism stay still for an MRI. They paired prompts with a DRO schedule. Dubuque keeps the same prompt-fading logic, yet shifts the modality to a consumer watch, making the process less intrusive.

Smith et al. (2010) gave spoken instructions through a handheld device to adults with Alzheimer’s. Both papers aim for discreet help, but E et al. relied on sound while Dubuque relies on touch. The tactile route may suit clients who get confused by extra chatter or noisy settings.

04

Why it matters

If you support teens or adults who feel embarrassed by overt cues, a smartwatch buzz can replace your tap on the shoulder. You keep control from your phone and the client keeps typical appearance. Try it next time you fade prompts in a restaurant, worksite, or college campus.

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Pair your client’s phone and watch, then program one silent buzz as a prompt during a community outing and track if the target step occurs.

02At a glance

Intervention
prompting and fading
Design
case study
Finding
not reported

03Original abstract

Tactile stimulation can be used to privately prompt or provide feedback for a variety of behaviors. However, technological limitations have primarily resulted in narrow investigations of tactile stimulation delivered on a time-based schedule by a device like a MotivAider or WatchMinder. Recent advances in smartphone and watch technologies have created new ways for practitioners to deliver tactile stimulation privately and remotely to improve behavior. The purpose of this Brief Report is to provide a case study and a description of the advantages and applications of utilizing this technology, including preserving the privacy and dignity of clients by covertly improving performance; prompting behavior based on environmental events independent of scheduled times; delivering feedback quickly, quietly, and remotely without interrupting interactions; and fading dependencies on tactile prompting and feedback.

Behavior Analysis in Practice, 2021 · doi:10.1007/s40617-020-00493-0