Research Cluster

Delay Discounting and Reward Choices

This cluster looks at how people pick between a small reward now or a bigger reward later. It shows that the way you ask the question changes the choice, and fake money works just as well as real money. BCBAs can use these tricks to help clients wait for bigger rewards instead of grabbing small ones right away.

58articles
1986–2026year range
5key findings
Key Findings

What 58 articles tell us

  1. Hypothetical money produces discount curves nearly identical to real money, making it practical for clinical assessment.
  2. How you describe a reward — its size, duration, or format — changes how steeply someone discounts it, so keep your wording consistent across assessments.
  3. Adolescents discount gains more steeply than losses, meaning they feel the pull of immediate rewards more strongly than they fear immediate penalties.
  4. Limiting access to other reinforcers during a waiting period increases how strongly someone devalues the delayed reward.
  5. People discount benefits for distant others more steeply than benefits for close friends or family, which matters when designing group contingencies.
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Frequently Asked Questions

Common questions from BCBAs and RBTs

Delay discounting is the tendency to prefer a smaller reward now over a larger reward later. It matters for ABA because clients who discount steeply have a harder time working toward goals that take time, like earning a preferred activity at the end of a session.

Yes. Research consistently shows that hypothetical money produces the same discount curves as real money in typical adults, making it a practical and low-cost option for assessment.

Quite a bit. Describing the same reward as a different size, duration, or cost changes how steeply people discount it. Use the same wording every time you assess to keep your data meaningful.

Yes. Adolescents tend to discount gains more steeply than losses, which means they feel the pull of an immediate reward more strongly than they fear an immediate penalty.

Limit access to competing reinforcers during the wait, use a clear visual countdown, and start with short delays before building up. Small consistent wins train the tolerance gradually.