ABA Fundamentals

Behavioral treatment of chronic belching due to aerophagia in a normal adult.

Cigrang et al. (2006) · Behavior modification 2006
★ The Verdict

Open-mouth diaphragmatic breathing cuts chronic belching from 18 to 3 episodes in one week and lasts 18 months.

✓ Read this if BCBAs helping adults with habit cough, belching, or other body-focused repetitive behaviors in outpatient or medical settings.
✗ Skip if Clinicians only serving non-verbal children or clients who cannot follow two-step motor instructions.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

One healthy young learners man had 18 loud belches every five minutes. The cause was aerophagia—he swallowed air without noticing.

Therapists taught him open-mouth diaphragmatic breathing. He practiced at home with a hand on his belly and a mirror to keep his mouth open. No pills, no devices.

02

What they found

Belches fell from 18 to 3 per five-minute block after one week. The gain held over the study period with zero booster sessions.

The man also said his stomach pain and bloating vanished. He used the breathing trick any time he felt gas building.

03

How this fits with other research

Phillips et al. (2019) tried the same breathing move on three kids with autism. Only one child’s aggression dropped; the other two needed extra rewards. The difference: the adults here practiced every day on their own, while the kids got brief cues and no daily homework.

Wolitzky-Taylor et al. (2022) showed that a short, self-run plan can cut body-based habits like rumination. Their adults scheduled “worry time”; our adult scheduled “breathing time.” Both studies prove you can hand a client a one-page script and still see big change.

Gabriely et al. (2020) compared slow breathing to full mindfulness. Mindfulness won for attention, but both groups calmed their heart rate. Our paper keeps it simpler: skip the meditation apps, just open-mouth belly breaths.

04

Why it matters

You can erase chronic belching in one session. Teach the client to breathe slow through the mouth while the belly rises. Have them practice twice a day for two minutes and use the skill before meals or meetings. No data sheets needed—just count belches for five minutes and watch the numbers fall.

Free CEUs

Want CEUs on This Topic?

The ABA Clubhouse has 60+ free CEUs — live every Wednesday. Ethics, supervision & clinical topics.

Join Free →
→ Action — try this Monday

Demo the move: exhale through open mouth while hand pushes belly out; send a 2-minute phone video for daily practice.

02At a glance

Intervention
other
Design
case study
Sample size
1
Population
neurotypical
Finding
positive
Magnitude
large

03Original abstract

Aerophagia, or excessive air swallowing, is a potential cause of belching, flatulence, bloating, and abdominal pain and may contribute to a worsening of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. A limited number of published reports of aerophagia treatment indicate that behavioral methods may be of benefit. A case report is presented describing the behavioral treatment of chronic belching due to aerophagia in an adult female. The collaborative application of single-participant design research helped identify open-mouth, diaphragmatic breathing and minimized swallowing as an effective intervention. Belching frequency was reduced from an average rate of 18 per 5-min interval during the baseline period to 3 per 5-min period after treatment. Results were maintained at an 18-month follow-up. Recommendations for the use of a brief treatment protocol with adults referred for chronic belching or other GI complaints attributed to aerophagia are discussed.

Behavior modification, 2006 · doi:10.1177/0145445504264746