ABA Fundamentals

Behavioral interactions in multiple variable-interval schedules.

Spealman et al. (1974) · Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior 1974
★ The Verdict

Removing or thinning reinforcement in one schedule component briefly boosts responding in the other, so watch for temporary spikes when you fade rewards.

✓ Read this if BCBAs who run multiple-schedule or multielement designs in clinics or classrooms.
✗ Skip if Practitioners who work only in single-schedule discrete-trial formats.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

The team used pigeons on two side-by-side VI schedules.

When one schedule switched to extinction, the other stayed the same.

They watched if response rates in the unchanged schedule moved up or down.

02

What they found

Taking reinforcement away from one component made responding in the other part jump.

Bringing VI back later pushed response rates back down.

The size of the swing was bigger when the remaining schedule paid off less often.

03

How this fits with other research

Peterson (1968) saw the same jump with people who had intellectual disability.

Thomas et al. (1974), also in 1974, got the bump by only thinning payoff, not removing it.

de Rose (1986) later showed the effect holds for fixed-interval schedules too.

Together the four papers say: anytime one schedule gets poorer, the other one looks richer and responding rises.

04

Why it matters

Your client may show contrast when you fade reinforcement in one setting.

Expect a brief burst of higher responding in the still-reinforced setting.

Track both settings so you do not mistake the burst for real skill gain.

Plan extra prompts or wait it out; the spike should settle once the lean schedule feels normal.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Graph both components when you start thinning; note any jump in the unchanged one and hold prompts steady until it drops back.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
single case other
Sample size
8
Population
neurotypical
Finding
mixed

03Original abstract

In Experiment I, two groups of four pigeons each were exposed to multiple schedules in which one component was always a variable-interval schedule with a mean interreinforcement interval of 30 or 180 seconds. The other component was either an equal variable-interval schedule or extinction. Response rates in the unchanged component always increased when reinforcement was no longer scheduled in the changed component, and decreased in seven of eight cases when the variable-interval schedule was re-introduced. The per cent rate change in the unchanged component was inversely related to the frequency of reinforcement and to the ongoing response rate in the unchanged component. Rate changes in the unchanged component were not consistently correlated with changes in any single feature of the relative-frequency interresponse-time distributions. In Experiment II, the same pigeons were exposed to variable-interval schedules and multiple variable-interval variable-interval schedules with equal mean interreinforcement intervals. Response rates were similar under both conditions.

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior, 1974 · doi:10.1901/jeab.1974.22-471