ABA Fundamentals

Assessment and treatment of self‐control with aversive events

Porter et al. (2020) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 2020
★ The Verdict

A short delay before both yucky tasks makes people pick the harder one.

✓ Read this if BCBAs teaching choice-making to kids or adults with developmental delays.
✗ Skip if Those already using rich token or signal systems that work fine.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Porter et al. (2020) worked with three people who had developmental delays. All three picked the quick, easy chore when given a choice between two yucky tasks.

The team added the same short wait to both chores. Then they watched who picked which job. No prizes, no tokens—just a brief pause before starting either task.

02

What they found

Every person flipped from grabbing the fast chore to picking the harder one. The simple delay turned impulsive choosers into self-controlled choosers.

The effect held without extra rewards, toys, or praise—just a few seconds of wait time.

03

How this fits with other research

Logan et al. (2000) and Carlin et al. (2012) showed the same flip by slowly stretching the wait for good stuff. Porter moves the idea to chores you hate instead of snacks you love.

Vessells et al. (2018) later added signals and got bigger gains, but Porter proves you can start with zero bells and whistles.

Whitehouse et al. (2014) looked at delays after the task, not before. Both spots work, so you can pick the timing that fits your client.

04

Why it matters

Next time a learner rushes to the easier chore, add a five-second wait to both options. No extra tokens, no board—just a calm pause. You should see the child start picking the harder job on their own. Try it during chores, homework, or tooth-brushing routines today.

Free CEUs

Want CEUs on This Topic?

The ABA Clubhouse has 60+ free CEUs — live every Wednesday. Ethics, supervision & clinical topics.

Join Free →
→ Action — try this Monday

Add a 5-second wait to both chore choices and watch which one the learner picks next.

02At a glance

Intervention
other
Design
single case other
Sample size
3
Population
developmental delay
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

Self-control can be defined as choosing a smaller, immediate aversive event over a larger, delayed aversive event (e.g., flossing daily instead of risking major dental problems later). Children with developmental disabilities have been found to respond impulsively when given the choice between aversive events that differ based on magnitude and difficulty. However, qualitative differences between events may also impact aversiveness. This study attempted to replicate and extend prior research by (i) empirically identifying a hierarchy of qualitatively different aversive tasks for three individuals with developmental disabilities by evaluating their average latency to escape responses when presented with each task, (ii) assessing baseline levels of self-control (i.e., selection of immediate, low-aversive tasks over delayed, high-aversive tasks), and (iii) implementing an empirically validated treatment (i.e., adding a delay to both tasks). Each participant initially made impulsive choices, but self-control increased following treatment.

Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2020 · doi:10.1002/jaba.604