Service Delivery

The transformation of disabilities organizations.

Schalock et al. (2013) · Intellectual and developmental disabilities 2013
★ The Verdict

Disability service groups can modernize by adopting five clear traits: person-centered plans, data use, strong leadership, stable funding, and teamwork.

✓ Read this if BCBAs who manage or consult for adult day programs, group homes, or county disability services.
✗ Skip if RBTs who only provide 1:1 therapy and never touch policy or program design.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Matson et al. (2013) looked at how disability service groups can change for the better.

They read reports and stories from many agencies.

They picked out five traits that mark a modern, high-quality group.

02

What they found

The five traits are: person-centered plans, data-driven choices, strong leadership, steady money, and real teamwork.

Groups that show all five give better lives to the people they serve.

03

How this fits with other research

Bao et al. (2017) took the same five traits and added a cultural lens. They showed you must fit each trait to local values and language.

Turnbull et al. (2017) and Anonymous (2017) each built 12-step checklists. These checklists turn the traits into day-by-day tasks any agency can follow.

Ten Hoopen et al. (2025) found 15 hard barriers families hit when they try to get respite care. The five traits in Matson et al. (2013) are the fix for nearly every one of those barriers.

04

Why it matters

You can use the five traits as a quick audit. Walk through your agency and ask: Do we use data to decide? Are plans truly person-centered? If the answer is no to any item, you now have a clear next step to improve services.

FREE CEUs

Get CEUs on This Topic — Free

The ABA Clubhouse has 60+ on-demand CEUs including ethics, supervision, and clinical topics like this one. Plus a new live CEU every Wednesday.

60+ on-demand CEUs (ethics, supervision, general)
New live CEU every Wednesday
Community of 500+ BCBAs
100% free to join
Join The ABA Clubhouse — Free →
→ Action — try this Monday

Pick one program area and run a five-item checklist: person-centered plan, data use, leadership, funding, teamwork. Note the weakest item and set one 30-day fix.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
narrative review
Population
intellectual disability, developmental delay
Finding
not reported

03Original abstract

This article summarizes the five major characteristics of the transformation era and describes how intellectual and closely related developmental disabilities organizations can apply specific transformation strategies associated with each characteristic. Collectively, the characteristics and strategies provide a framework for transformation thinking, learning, and acting. Specific application examples are given.

Intellectual and developmental disabilities, 2013 · doi:10.1352/1934-9556-51.4.273