Service Delivery

The accelerated intake: a method for increasing initial attendance to outpatient cocaine treatment.

Festinger et al. (1996) · Journal of applied behavior analysis 1996
★ The Verdict

Offer a same-day intake slot and almost twice as many cocaine-treatment clients will walk through your door.

✓ Read this if BCBAs running or consulting at outpatient substance-use clinics.
✗ Skip if Clinics that already have zero same-day capacity or serve only court-mandated clients.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

The clinic compared two ways to book the first appointment. One group got a same-day slot. The other group waited one to seven days.

Both groups were adults seeking cocaine treatment. Staff tracked who actually showed up.

02

What they found

Same-day intake lifted attendance from 33 percent to 59 percent. That is almost double the show-up rate.

No extra staff or money were needed—just faster scheduling.

03

How this fits with other research

Peskin et al. (2025) tried online forms and shorter surveys to boost parent-training intake. Only the public survey link helped, and it did not raise actual attendance. Their mixed result shows that paperwork tweaks alone are weak; speed beats forms.

Geurts et al. (2008) later used small cash rewards to keep cocaine patients coming back after intake. Their positive outcome pairs well with S et al.—first get them in fast, then pay for return visits.

Winters et al. (2026) saw HIV patients crash back to baseline the moment cash incentives stopped. S et al. used no ongoing reward, so the long-term risk is unknown. You may need a follow-up plan after that first same-day visit.

04

Why it matters

If your intake desk can hold even one open slot, offer it the moment a referral calls. You will turn three no-shows into five arrivals out of every ten calls. Pair this with a later contingency plan—like Geurts et al. (2008)—to keep the momentum going.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Block one intake appointment each day for new calls and tell referral sources ‘We can see you today.’

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
quasi experimental
Sample size
78
Population
substance use disorder
Finding
positive
Magnitude
medium

03Original abstract

We examined whether offering an accelerated (same-day) versus a standard (1- to 7-day delay) intake appointment increased initial attendance at an outpatient cocaine treatment program. Significantly more of the subjects who were offered an accelerated intake (59%) attended than those who were given a standard intake (33%), chi 2 (2, N = 78) = 4.198, p < .05. The accelerated intake procedure appears to be useful for enhancing enrollment in outpatient addiction treatment.

Journal of applied behavior analysis, 1996 · doi:10.1901/jaba.1996.29-387