Service Delivery

Improving pediatric appointment keeping with reminders and reduced response requirement.

Friman et al. (1985) · Journal of applied behavior analysis 1985
★ The Verdict

Mailed and phone reminders plus a free parking pass cut pediatric no-shows dramatically in a year-long hospital clinic study.

✓ Read this if BCBAs running outpatient clinics, early-intervention offices, or any program where families drive for services.
✗ Skip if Practitioners who only do in-home or telehealth visits where parking is not an issue.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

A children’s hospital mailed and phoned families before every check-up. They also mailed a free parking pass.

The team tracked five doctors for one year. They counted kept and broken appointments each month.

A multiple-baseline design showed when each doctor started the package.

02

What they found

Kept visits jumped from a large share to a large share. Broken visits fell from a large share to a large share.

The gains stayed high for the full year. All five doctors saw the same change.

03

How this fits with other research

Pear et al. (1984) got the same win by simply giving sooner dates. They cut the wait from three weeks to one week. Billings et al. (1985) kept the long wait but added reminders and a parking pass. Both teams slashed no-shows.

Simcoe et al. (2024) and Simacek et al. (2017) moved the idea online. They used telehealth coaching to reach families who could not drive to clinic. The goal—more kids served—matches, but the tool is now a screen instead of a stamp.

Bigby et al. (2009) used a low-cost package like this one. They added staff training and a supply box to cut medicine errors. The setting and problem differ, but the lesson is the same: small, cheap aids plus clear cues fix big system gaps.

04

Why it matters

You can copy the 1985 package today. Mail or text a reminder, then drop a parking code or bus voucher. One stamp or click can save you hours of reschedule calls and open slots for other kids.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Add a free parking code to your next appointment reminder text and track kept visits for the next month.

02At a glance

Intervention
other
Design
multiple baseline across settings
Sample size
5261
Population
not specified
Finding
positive
Magnitude
large

03Original abstract

We evaluated the effectiveness of appointment reminders and a reduced response requirement for improving appointment keeping in a hospital ambulatory pediatric clinic. Participants received mailed and telephoned reminders along with a parking pass that reduced the time and effort required to attend the clinic. A multiple baseline analysis of 5,261 appointments over one fiscal year showed that the intervention increased the percentage of appointments kept and decreased the percentage of appointments broken in the continuity clinics of five pediatric health care providers. Social validation, consumer satisfaction, and cost-effectiveness measures, as well as an interrupted time-series analysis, all support the effectiveness of the intervention.

Journal of applied behavior analysis, 1985 · doi:10.1901/jaba.1985.18-315