Service Delivery

Effectiveness of using noncontingent escape for general behavior management in a pediatric dental clinic.

Allen et al. (2013) · Journal of applied behavior analysis 2013
★ The Verdict

Scheduled brief breaks cut kid distress in half without adding chair time.

✓ Read this if BCBAs who help typical children in medical or personal-care settings.
✗ Skip if Clinicians only serving adults with IDD who already use full BST packages.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

The team ran a true experiment in a pediatric dental clinic.

Forty-eight typical kids, were picked at random for two groups.

One group got the usual care. The other got the same care plus a 30-second break every three minutes, no matter what they did.

The dentist, staff, and parents did not know which child was in which group.

02

What they found

Kids who got the scheduled breaks cried, hit, or needed to be held down about half as often.

Chair time stayed the same, so the clinic kept its schedule.

Parents and staff rated these visits as easier and less stressful.

03

How this fits with other research

Fernandez et al. (2023) saw the same pattern in shelter dogs. Food every minute calmed the kennel. Different species, same rule: free goodies on a clock cut problem behavior.

Mammarella et al. (2022) moved the idea forward. They used a bigger behavioral package so adults with IDD could skip sedation. Prigge et al. (2013) showed the bare-bones version works for typical kids; C et al. proved you can build on it for more complex clients.

Briggs et al. (2024) mapped how to train staff quickly. Their scoping review says trim the steps but keep the practice and feedback. The dental clinic likely used the same lean model, since training was brief yet effective.

04

Why it matters

You can drop restraint and tears without longer visits. Just set a timer and give a 30-second break every three minutes. It costs nothing, needs no extra staff, and parents love it. Try it next time you support a client in any medical chair—dental, shots, or haircuts.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Set a 3-min timer and give a 30-s break for any child who fusses in a chair.

02At a glance

Intervention
noncontingent reinforcement
Design
randomized controlled trial
Sample size
151
Population
neurotypical
Finding
positive
Magnitude
medium

03Original abstract

In a randomized controlled trial, 151 children 2 to 9 years old were exposed to either usual behavior management or to a fixed-time schedule of brief breaks (noncontingent escape) from ongoing dental treatment. Results demonstrated that the routine delivery of scheduled breaks from treatment significantly reduced the vocal and physical disruptive behavior and the need for restraint in a nonclinical sample of children undergoing restorative dental treatment. In addition, the treatment did not add significantly to the typical time spent on behavior management by dentists. Together with findings from previous studies, these results suggest that using brief breaks from ongoing dental treatment has good efficacy, acceptability, and generality and may be a useful management tool, both in everyday dental practice and in more demanding instances of specialized need.

Journal of applied behavior analysis, 2013 · doi:10.1002/jaba.82