Research Cluster

Reinforcers in Preschool and Primary Classrooms

This cluster shows how to pick and use fun rewards so young kids will join lessons, eat healthy food, and play with new friends. Teachers can give stickers, praise, or tiny candies right away to make good choices happen again. When rewards are planned, children stay at the table, try new foods, and even sit with kids who look different from them. BCBAs can copy these easy plans to help classrooms run smoothly and keep every child learning and happy.

5articles
1973–2009year range
5key findings
Key Findings

What 5 articles tell us

  1. Preschoolers choose edibles over other reward types during instruction, but free play is preferred above both — assess preferences rather than assuming.
  2. Embedding extra reinforcement in less-preferred learning centers increases their use without restricting access to preferred activities.
  3. Visual cues paired with immediate praise reliably boost healthy snack choices in preschoolers and generalize to home settings.
  4. Reinforcing first graders to sit with a new friend at lunch increased cross-race social play at recess.
  5. Immediate small food rewards can help young children from low-income backgrounds accept unfamiliar nutritious foods at school meals.
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Frequently Asked Questions

Common questions from BCBAs and RBTs

Research shows that during instruction, preschoolers tend to choose edibles over other tangible rewards. However, free play remains the most preferred activity overall. The practical takeaway is to conduct a brief preference assessment for each child rather than assuming what will motivate them — and reassess regularly as preferences shift.

Let them spend time in their preferred centers first, then add a small reinforcer — a sticker, a brief social game, access to a preferred toy — to the center you want them to use more. Research shows this embedded reinforcement approach increases engagement without requiring you to restrict preferred activities.

Yes. Adding a visual cue like a green smiley face on healthy snack options plus immediate praise from a teacher reliably boosts healthy choices in preschoolers. These gains have generalized to home settings in some studies, suggesting the pairing creates a durable response.

Yes. Research shows that pairing new nutritious foods with immediate praise and small candy rewards helped preschoolers from low-income backgrounds accept complete meals including foods they had not eaten before. The key is pairing the new food with something already reinforcing and delivering the reward immediately.

Yes. A classic study found that reinforcing first graders to sit with a 'new friend' at lunch — without specifying race — increased cross-race play at recess. Reinforcement shaped not just the lunchroom behavior but generalized to a different setting and context, demonstrating how consistent reinforcement of social approach can build inclusive habits.