School & Classroom

An expansion of the peer-tutoring paradigm: cross-age peer tutoring of social skills among socially rejected boys.

Gumpel et al. (1999) · Journal of applied behavior analysis 1999
★ The Verdict

Train rejected boys as cross-age social-skills tutors and both groups gain friends.

✓ Read this if BCBAs working with socially rejected students in elementary or middle schools
✗ Skip if Clinicians serving only preschool or adult clients

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Four boys who were left out by peers became tutors for younger kids. The older boys learned social skills through behavioral skills training. Then they taught these skills to the younger students during recess.

Researchers watched the boys before, during, and after the program. They counted how many positive social actions each boy showed.

02

What they found

All four boys started more positive talks with peers. The gains stayed strong five weeks later. Both the older tutors and younger tutees improved their social play.

03

How this fits with other research

Thompson et al. (1974) first showed cross-age tutoring works for math facts. Hagopian et al. (1999) took the same idea and applied it to social skills instead of arithmetic.

Gladstone et al. (1975) proved high-schoolers can learn ABA teaching skills through BST. The current study mirrors that training but uses it for peer tutoring.

Edgemon et al. (2020) and Bacon-Prue et al. (1980) both used BST to teach job-interview skills to teens. Hagopian et al. (1999) shows BST can also teach playground social skills.

04

Why it matters

You can turn rejected students into helpers. Train them with BST, pair them with younger peers, and watch social skills grow on both sides. Start small: pick one rejected student, teach three key social behaviors, and let them practice by coaching a younger child at recess.

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Pick one rejected student, teach three social skills with BST, and have them coach a younger peer at recess.

02At a glance

Intervention
behavioral skills training
Design
single case other
Sample size
4
Population
not specified
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

We examined the effects of a cross-age peer-tutoring program on the social skills of 2 sixth-grade and 2 kindergarten socially rejected and isolated boys. Peer tutoring consisted of the older boys conducting social skills training with their younger tutees. The frequency of positive social interactions increased for all 4 boys, with maintenance of treatment gains following a 5-week interval.

Journal of applied behavior analysis, 1999 · doi:10.1901/jaba.1999.32-115