School & Classroom

A classroom program teaching disadvantaged youths to write biographic information.

Clark et al. (1975) · Journal of applied behavior analysis 1975
★ The Verdict

Teach one biographic line at a time—kids will generalize to whole new job forms.

✓ Read this if BCBAs in middle-school or high-school classrooms who want kids to fill out real-world paperwork.
✗ Skip if Clinicians teaching only play or social skills right now.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Six youths in a special-ed classroom learned to fill out job forms.

The teacher broke the form into tiny parts: name, address, phone.

Each part was taught one at a time with quick trials and praise.

02

What they found

After mastering each item, the kids could finish whole new forms they had never seen.

Skills moved to the real world: every youth later filled out actual job applications without help.

03

How this fits with other research

Charlop et al. (1990) later used the same step-by-step plan to teach adults with mild ID to balance a checkbook.

Rosales et al. (2019) added rehearsal and feedback so young adults with autism could answer job-interview questions.

Ethridge et al. (2024) swapped paper forms for budgeting packets with justice-involved teens and still saw gains.

Together these papers show one rule: teach life forms in small pieces, then let learners try new versions.

04

Why it matters

You can copy the 1975 drill today. Take any form—job, rental, medical—and split it into single lines. Train each line with fast trials and praise. After a few days test a brand-new form; most students will sail through. No extra worksheets, no fancy tech.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Pick one form your students face, choose the first blank, run five quick trials with praise, then add the next blank tomorrow.

02At a glance

Intervention
discrete trial training
Design
single case other
Sample size
6
Population
not specified
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

Little attention has been given to how formal classroom instruction can be adapted to teach youths everyday skills such as the correct writing of biographic information frequently requested in transactions like applying for a job or a social security number and cashing a check. In this study, six youths in a special education classroom were taught to complete job application forms with the date, their name, signature, address, telephone number, date of birth, and a reference's name, address, and occupation. Each youth was trained on one item of biographic information at a time, after which he was tested on four application forms, including one on which he had not been trained. The tests show that after an item had been taught, it was correctly used in completing application forms on which the youths had been trained and forms on which they had never been trained. The study demonstrates the feasibility of teaching community-living, vocation-related skills to special-education youths in a classroom setting.

Journal of applied behavior analysis, 1975 · doi:10.1901/jaba.1975.8-67