The Interaction Effects of Frequency and Specificity of Feedback on Work Performance
Frequent, general feedback keeps staff on track; detailed feedback is only worth the extra effort when feedback is rare.
01Research in Context
What this study did
Park et al. (2019) ran a lab test with adult workers. They asked: does feedback work better when you give it often, or when you make it very detailed?
Each worker got one of four styles: frequent and specific, frequent and general, rare and specific, or rare and general. Then the team scored how well the adults did on a data-entry task.
What they found
Frequent feedback beat rare feedback every time. Specific feedback only helped when feedback was rare.
In plain words: if you talk to staff often, you can keep your comments short. Save the long, detailed notes for when you meet less.
How this fits with other research
Thibodeaux et al. (2025) extends this idea. They showed that as workers get better, they actually want less feedback. Park tells you how often to give it; Thibodeaux tells you to taper as skill grows.
Brand et al. (2020) looks similar but flips the focus. They found accuracy matters more than timing. Park says frequency beats specificity; Brand says accuracy beats timing. Together they hint: first be right, then be regular, then be detailed.
Aznar et al. (2005) tested real teachers every two weeks and still saw gains. Their field result backs Park’s lab finding that even moderate frequency can work if the message is clear.
Why it matters
You can lighten your coaching load. Give quick, global praise each time you see staff. Save the long, itemized notes for weekly or monthly reviews. This keeps performance high without burning you out on paperwork.
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02At a glance
03Original abstract
This study investigated the interaction effect between specificity (specific vs. global) and frequency of feedback (frequent vs. infrequent) on the quality of work performance. Eighty participants were recruited and randomly assigned to one of the four groups: specific and frequent feedback, global and frequent feedback, specific and infrequent feedback, and global and infrequent feedback. A 2 × 2 factorial design was adopted. Participants were asked to work on a simulated order-fulfilling task and attended 24 sessions. The dependent variable was the error rate of the completed tasks. The results showed that more frequent feedback was more effective and specific feedback was more effective than global feedback in improving the quality of performance. Furthermore, an interactive effect between feedback frequency and specificity was found. Specific feedback was more effective than global feedback when the feedback was infrequent, but global feedback was comparable to specific feedback when it was frequent.
Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 2019 · doi:10.1080/01608061.2019.1632242